生长发育和小儿喂养.ppt

Chapter 2Growth and Development1 definitionGrowth and development represents a mature process from zygote(受精卵) to adult.Actually it have been stretched to life end.So it is continous interaction of biologic processes and environmental factors that are initiated at conception and terminate at death.2 growthGrowth implies a physical change.A quantity change, related measure value.Morphological growth, serve as indicator of development.3 developmentDevelopment stands for differentiation and maturation of functions.A quality change.Quantity accumulating to a degree imply a quality change.4 Development Development suggests a change or modification in capacity to function.Change of quality.quantityqualitygrowthdevelopment5 law of growth and developmentIt’s a continuous and stage processThere’re diverse speed in the development among different systems.General law of growth and developmentThere are obvious individual difference of growth and development.6 Factors influencing growth and developmentHeredityprenatal environmentPostnatal environmentEndocrine system /5endEukrain/NutritionDisease 7 Growth and development indexWeightStatus standing height sitting heightHead circumferenceChest circumferenceUpper arm circumferenceProportion of body 8 1. Physical growth Weight3Kg(birth)→＋600~750g（1m）→＋800~1000g(1~3m)→600~800g（3~6m） 700g/m→250~300g（6~9m）→200~250g(9~12m)9k 250g/m9 (1)Weight: birth weight＝3 kg. ＜6 mo.＝ 3 (Birth weight) ＋mo.× 0.7 kg; 7th ~12th mo.＝ 6(kg) ＋ mo. × 0.25 kg; 2nd ~12th yr.＝ yr. × 2 ＋7(or 8 kg)10 Growth speed is much slower after 2th year.Until the 2th surge, it increases again. (2) Height/length:50cm(birth)→2.5cm/m(＜6m)→1~1.5cm(＞6m~1y)→75cm(1y) ＋25cm11 Height/length: birth＝50cm; 1st yr.＝75 cm; 2nd ~12th yr.＝ yr. × 7＋70 cm.12 13 (3) Head circumference: birth＝ 34