BoltzmannStatistics热力学统计物理英文教学课件.ppt

§7. Boltzmann Statistics§7.1 The statistics expression of thermodynamics quantities 7.1.1 The statistics expression of internal energyIntroduce a new function Z1 called partition functionThenWith the formula (7.1.1) and (7.1.3) it gets 7.1.2 Generalized work Generalized force performed by environment follows thatFor instance , In infinitesimal quasi-static process the work performed by environment follows thatThe total differential of is given byRemark!(1) The first term denotes the work performed by environment ;(2) The second term denotes the heat absorbing from environment. 7.1.3 The statistics expression of entropy Based on the first law of thermodynamics , with integral factor 1/T for dQ, it gets thatWith the formulas (7.1.4) and (7.1.6) it getsThe total differential of lnZ1 follows thatTherefore dQ gets another integral factor β Let It will prove that k is Boltzmann constant.Comparing the formula (7.1.10) and (7.1.11) and with the formula (7.1.12) one getsHere the integral constant is chose to be zero. With logarithm calculation for the formula (7.1.3) it getsBased on Boltzmann distribution , it getstherefore Comparing with the formula (6.6.4) it gets This is called Boltzmann relation. Remark!The more the microstate number is, the bigger the entropy is.(2) For Bose and Fermi systems satisfying the classical limited condition, the entropy is given by 7.1.4 The statistics expression of free energy F=U-TSThis formula is applied to local systems.or This formula is applied to Bose and Fermi system. 7.1.5 The classical statistics expressionWhen Δωl is sma