刘炳善《英国文学简史》（第3版）笔记和考研真题详解.pdf

第1章　早期和中世纪的英国文学 1.1　复习笔记 早期英国文学 Early English Literature Ⅰ. Background Knowledge—The Making of England（背景知识——英国的形成） 1 The Roman Conquest (55B.C.—410A.D.) 罗马征服（公元前55年—公元410年） A. Brief Introduction（简介） Before the Roman Conquest, the Celtic natives, Brito
, occupied the England island, who gave name to today’s Britain. In 55 B.C., the Roman conqueror, Julius Caesar, attacked Britain. But not until 78 A.D. did Britain entirely subject to the Roman Empire. The decline of the Roman Empire at the start of the 5th century led to the brief independence of Brito
. In 410 A.D., the whole Roman troops retreated to the continent forever. 罗马征服之前，在英格兰岛上居住的早期居民被称为不列颠人（Brito
），不列颠人是凯尔特（Celt）部落的一支。 公元前55年，该岛被罗马的朱利尤斯·凯撒（Julius Caesar）侵略。直到公元78年，不列颠才完全臣服于罗马帝国，但是在5世纪初，罗马帝国开始没落。公元410年，所有的罗马军队撤离该岛。 B. Influence（影响） ①The Roman mode of life was brought into Britain while the native Brito
were treated as slaves. ②The Roma
brought Christianity to the island and this religion was spread widely. (This is a profound religious effect up to today). ③Roman road was built for military purposes. ④Along the Roman roads, many tow
grew up. London has been an important trading center since then. ①罗马人的生活方式被带到了英国，而当地的不列颠人却沦为奴隶。 ②罗马人带来了基督教，基督教得以广泛传播。 ③出于军事目的，罗马人修建罗马大路。 ④沿着罗马大路，许多城镇得以发展，伦敦就是其中之一，并在那时成为重要的商业城市。 2 The English Conquest（盎格鲁-撒克逊征服） A. Brief Introduction（简介） Three pirate tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxo
and Jutes, invaded Britain as the Roman Empire was retreating. The conquest turned their tribal society into a feudal one. By the 7th century, small states united into one kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles. 当罗马人撤离不列颠的同时，大群海盗入侵岛内。他们是来自北欧的三支部落：盎格鲁、撒克逊和朱特。这次征服使他们从部落社会转向为封建社会。 到7世纪，一个统一的王国—英国成立了，也被称作盎格鲁人之国。 B. Influence（影响） ①The English people formed as the result of the mixture of the three tribes, which also fashioned a single language called Anglo-Saxon, or Old English. ②The Brito
experienced a tra
ition from tribal society to feudalism because of the English Conquest