常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）笔记和考研真题详解.pdf

第1章　殖民地时期的美国1.1　复习笔记Ⅰ. American Puritanism（美国清教主义） The British began to immigrate to North America in the fi
t half of the 17th century. The fi
t permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. In 1620, the ship Mayflower carried about one hundred Pilgrims arrived at Plymouth, Massachusetts. Many early American immigrants were Purita
, and they came to the United States for a variety of reaso
. The Puritanism they believed in later took root in the New World and had a profound impact on American thought and American literature. 英国向北美的移民活动开始于17世纪上半叶。英国于1607年在北美建立了第一个永久性海外殖民区：弗吉尼亚州的詹姆斯敦。1620年“五月花”号载运100余名移民抵达马萨诸塞州的普利茅斯。很多美国早期的移民是清教徒，他们出于多种原因来到美国。他们信奉的清教主义后来在新大陆生根发芽，并对美国思想和美国文学产生了根深蒂固的影响。 1 Doctrines of Puritanism（清教主义的教义） The Purita
believed in the doctrine predestination put forward by the theologian John Calvin, including original sin, complete depravity, and limited redemption. 清教徒信奉神学家约翰·加尔文宣扬的预设定论，原罪，彻底的堕落，有限制的救赎等神学主张。 2 The influence of Puritanism on American literature（清教主义对美国文学的影响） (1) The idealism of Puritan had exerted a great influence on American write
. Overall, American literature, at least white American literature, is based on the myth of the Garden of Eden in the Bible. To a large extent, it is a literary form of pious idealism as the legacy of American Puritanism. The Purita
longed to live in a perfect order. With great courage, they hope to establish a new Garden of Eden in the United States so that they can finally live an ideal life. Encouraged by this se
e of mission, they were very optimistic in the face of difficulties and obstacles. These have become important nourishment for the production and development of American literature. Optimism is embodied in the works of many American write
. (1) 清教徒的理想主义对美国作家的文学创作产生了深远的影响。 从总体来看，美国文学——至少是白人的美国文学——是建筑在《圣经》伊甸园神话基础上的文学。在很大程度上，它是美国清教主义遗产——虔诚理想主义的一种文学形式。清教徒梦想着生活在一种完善的秩序之下，怀着勇气和希望在美国建立新的伊甸园，以使得他们能最终过上理想的生活。在这种使命感的鼓舞下，他们面对艰难险阻却充满乐观主义情绪。这些都成为美国文学产生发展的重要滋养。乐