医学心理学危机干预与心理咨询.pptVIP

医学心理学危机干预与心理咨询 心理干预心理咨询医学心理学 (Medical psychology)2 主要内容 危机干预概述危机干预步骤自杀干预 · 危机就是指个体面临突然或重大生活逆遇(如亲人死亡、婚姻破裂或天灾人祸等)时， 产生的伴随着强烈痛苦体验的应激反应状态· 危机干预(Crisis intervention): 是对处于困境或遭受挫折的人予以关怀和支持的短程心理治疗，以解 决问题为目的，不涉及人格的矫正，通过短期的关 怀和支持，使干预对象恢复心理平衡，重新适应生 活避免自伤或伤及他人恢复心理平衡与动力概述● Kairos crisis 不恰当的应付危险和威胁 创伤恰当的应付机遇和挑战危机成长 适应障碍急性应激障碍创伤后应激张障碍危机引起的可能障碍/ 创伤后应激障碍( posttraumatic stress disorder,PTSD)灾难性事件后出现：持续的、恐惧性的思维往往涉及死亡及死亡威胁、伤害或致残威胁、如战争、暴力、强奸、绑架、地震、飓风、洪水等· 核心症状是反复重现创伤事件的体验(“闪回”);回避与创 伤事件有关的刺激，对一般性事件麻木；反复做噩梦；反复发 生触景生情的精神痛苦，伴有强烈的恐惧感，警觉性增高精神障碍延迟发生(即在遭受创伤后数日至数月后，罕见延迟 半年以上才发生),符合症状标准至少已3个月 111211023(49 Many people were greatly affected by the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the WorldTrade Center and the Pentagon, and as a result of these attacks, many people have wondered if there is a relationship between 9/11 and PTSD.On 9/11, the United States was faced with one of its greatest tragedies. Many people were directly exposed to this massive traumatic event. Others were indirectly exposed through the extensive television coverage and/or stories from survivors of the attacks. As a result of this, many people were put at risk for the development of PTSD.Rates of PTSD Due to 9/11Several studies have been published that examined rates of PTSD as a result of the 9/11 terroristattacks . One study of 2,733 people across the United States conducted in October and Novemberof 2001 found that 11.2% of New York City residents had PTSD, and 4% of U.S. residents hadPTSD. Another study of 998 adults in New York City five to nine weeks after the attacks foundthat 7.5% had PTSD.Heaith A Post Traumat合 PTSD Symptoms / Diagnosis Treatmer9/11 and PTSD RatesBy Matthew Tull, PhD Updated Janvary 25, 2009 预防甲流健康生活携手广西中医院第一状 ·干预对象重大自然灾害或事故居丧反应躯体疾病婚恋工作问题学生群体 ·干预对象初级受害者-经历人次级受害者一 目击人三级受害者一非直接影响的个体概述 James 和Gilliland提出：发展性危机情境性危机存在性危机环境性危机概述—— 危机理论 危机理论危机是一种正常的生活经历，并非疾病或病理过程。情绪危