名词变复数规则.docxVIP

名词变复数规则 Middle School English Grammar Lecture - Nouns Nouns can be made plural through regular and irregular changes: I。Regular Changes 1) Generally。add -s to the end of the word. After a clear consonant。it is pronounced as /s/. After a voiced consonant or vowel。it is pronounced as /z/. Examples: map-maps。book-books。bag-bags。car-cars。bus-buses。watch-watches. 2) If the word ends in s, sh, ch, x, add -es. Examples: box-boxes。brush-brushes。watch-watches. 3) If the word ends in a consonant plus y, change the y to i and add -es. Examples: family-families。baby-babies. Note: When pluralizing proper nouns that end in y, simply add -s. Examples: two Marys。the Henrys. 4) If the word ends in a vowel plus y, simply add -s. Examples: boy-boys。toy-toys。key-keys。holiday-holidays. 5) If the word ends in a consonant plus o, there are two forms: 1.Add -s to non-living objects. Examples: photo-photos。piano-pianos. 2.Add -es to living objects. Examples: potato-potatoes。tomato-tomatoes。hero-heroes。Negro-Negros. To help remember these five words。use the mnemonic: Black heroes love to eat tomatoes and potatoes. 6) If the word ends in a vowel plus o, simply add -s. Examples: s。zoo-zoos。bamboo-bamboos. 7) If the word ends in f or fe, there are two forms: 1.Change f or fe to v and add -es. Examples: wife-wives。knife-knives。wolf-wolves。thief-thieves。shelf-shelves。half-halves。leaf-leaves。self-selves。life-lives. To help remember these words。use the mnemonic: The wife went to kill the wolf with a knife。the thief was scared and hid behind the shelf。half a leaf covered his eyes. 2.Add -s directly. Examples: of-proofs。handkerchief-handkerchiefs. To help remember these words。use the mnemonic: At the bay。on the roof。the leader and servants look at each other。who said they have no beliefs。The proof is on the handkerchief. II。Irregular Changes 1) Change man to men. In todays society。people are ing more and more concerned about their health。Many people have realized that exercise is an important part o