自我监控分析和总结.docx

自我监控(self—regulating)自M．Snyder(1972)博士提出后，受到心理学界的广泛关注。他认为自我监控是一个人在自我表现方面的心理结构。具体来说，自我监控就是某一客观事物为达到预定目标，将自身正在进行的实践活动过程作为对象，不断地对其进行的积极、自觉的计划、监察、检查、评价、反馈和调节的过程。它强调主体对自己的思维、情感和行为的监察、评价、控制和调节。这里所述的自我监控与一些研究所说的自我监控有所不同，有很多关于学生学习等研究的自我监控是两张概念。学生学习的自我监控是指学生在进行学习活动的过程中,将其正在进行的学习活动作为意识对象,不断对其进行积极、自觉地监视、控制和调节的过程,是学生自我意识对其学习活动的控制调节作用.

SynderM.Self-monitoringofexpressivebehavior.JournalofPersonalandSocialPsychology,1974,30(4):526-537

Self-monitoringisatheorythatdealswiththephenomenaofexpressivecontrols.Humanbeingsgenerallydifferinsubstantialwaysintheirabilitiesanddesirestoengageinexpressivecontrols(seedramaturgy).[1]Peopleconcernedwiththeirexpressiveself-presentation(seeimpressionmanagement)tendtocloselymonitortheiraudienceinordertoensureappropriateordesiredpublicappearances.Self-monitorerstrytounderstandhowindividualsandgroupswillperceivetheiractions.Somepersonalitytypescommonlyactspontaneouslyandothersaremoreapttopurposelycontrolandconsciouslyadjusttheirbehavior.Self-monitoringisdefinedasapersonalitytraitthatreferstoanabilitytoregulatebehaviortoaccommodatesocialsituations.Peoplewhocloselymonitorthemselvesarecategorizedashighself-monitorsandoftenbehaveinamannerthatishighlyresponsivetosocialcuesandtheirsituationalcontext.Highself-monitorscanbethoughtofassocialpragmatistswhoprojectimagesinanattempttoimpressothersandreceivepositivefeedback.Conversely,lowself-monitorsdonotparticipate,tothesamedegree,inexpressivecontrolanddonotsharesimilarconcernforsituationalappropriateness.Lowself-monitorstendtoexhibitexpressivecontrolscongruentwiththeirowninternalstates;i.e.beliefs,attitudes,anddispositionsregardlessofsocialcircumstance.Lowself-monitorsareoftenlessobservantofsocialcontextandconsiderexpressingaself-presentationdissimilarfromtheiri