眼科学-眼的解剖.pptx

Ophthalmology;Introduction;Eyesarethewindowstoyoursoul;

Visualorganisthemostimportantsensoryorganofhumanbody.

Visualorganincludestheeye,itsadnexa,andvisualpathway.(eyeballandaccessoryvisualorgan,visualpathway)

Synonym:organumvisus,organofvision

眼球及其附属器、视神经及视路

人从外界环境接受各种信息---80-90%

眼底能直接观察到活体血管;Fivesenseorgansofthehumanbody;;;;Development;;;眼科诊疗仪器;Chapter1AnatomyandPhysiologyoftheEye;;AnatomyoftheEye;;;;Eyeball(globe);;Anteriorpole—centerofthecurvatureofthecornea

Posteriorpole—centerofthepost.curvatureoftheglobe,slightlytemporaltotheopticnerve

Geometricaxis--lineconnectingthetwopoles

Equator–encirclestheeyemidwaybetweenthetwopoles;;;角膜（cornea）;;;Thelayersofthecornea

;Thelayersofthecornea

（1）Theepitheliumislayerofcellsthatcoverthesurfaceofthecornea.?Itisonlyabout5-6celllayersthickandquicklyregenerateswhenthecorneaisinjured.?Iftheinjurypenetratesmoredeeplyintothecornea,itmayleaveascar.?Scarsleaveopaqueareas,causingthecornealtoloseitsclarityandluster.??

;;Thecornealepitheliumconsistsofseverallayersofcells.

Thecellsofthedeepestlayerarecolumnar,knownasbasalcells.

Thenfollowtwoorthreelayersofpolyhedralcells,commonlyknownaswingcells.Themajorityofthesearepricklecells,similartothosefoundinthestratummucosumofthecuticle.

Lastly,therearethreeorfourlayersofsquamouscells,withflattenednuclei.

Thelayersoftheepitheliumareconstantlyundergoingmitosis.Basalandwingcellsmigratetotheanteriorofthecornea,whilesquamouscellsageandsloughoffintothetearfilm.;;;（3）基质层（实质层stroma）：占角膜全厚90%以上。约由200层排列整齐的纤维薄板构成。板层间互相交错排列，与角膜表面平行，极有规则，具有相同的屈光指数。板层由胶原纤维构成，其间有固定细胞和少数游走细胞，以及丰富的透明质酸和一定含量的粘多糖。基质层延伸至周围的巩膜组织中。此层损伤后不能完全再生，而由不透明的瘢痕组织所代替。;;;;;;

;;

角膜的生理特点是：（1）透明性，无角化层，无血管，细胞无色素，保证外界光线的透入。（2）屈光性，角膜的屈光指数为1.337，与空气的屈光指数（为1）相差大，其前后面有一定的曲率半径，一般具有+43D的屈光力。（3）无血管，