微生物学微生物学 (36).pptVIP

Youshouldbeableto:1.tellthecharacteristicsofmutation,2.summarizetheexperimentsthatcanprovemutationisspontaneous.

MutationandBreedingMutation?A?mutation?isthepermanentalterationofthe?nucleotidesequence?ofthe?genome?ofan?organism,?virus,or?extrachromosomalDNA?orothergeneticelements.Genemutationandchromosomalaberrationaretwoimportanttypesofmutation.

Genemutation

Chromosomalaberration

WildtypestrainMutantItreferstothe?phenotype?ofthetypicalformofa?strain?asitoccursinnature.Originally,thewildtypewasconceptualizedasaproductofthestandard?normal?allele?atalocus.?A?mutant?isanorganismoranewgeneticcharacterarisingorresultingfromaninstanceof?mutation.

CharacteristicsofMutationSpontaneousRareIndenpendentInducibleStableReversibleIrrelevance

ExperimentalevidenceofspontaneousnessandirrelevanceFluctuationanalysis,SalvadorLuriaMaxDelbruck(1943)Newcombeexperiment,Newcombe(1949)Replicaplating,JoshuaLederbergEstherLederberg(1952)

Fluctuationanalysis,SalvadorLuriaMaxDelbrück(1943)

Newcombeexperiment,Newcombe(1949)Incubation5hSprayedwithT1CoatedonceagainSprayedwithT1

Replicaplating,JoshuaLederbergEstherLederberg(1952)InoculationPhotocopyMediawithstreptomycinMediawithoutstreptomycin

MutationBreedingBreedingbyspontaneousmutationBreedingbyinducedmutation

AmesExperiment

VocabularylistMutationSpontaneousIrrelevanceInducibleFluctuationTestNewcombeexperimentReplicaplating