微生物学微生物学 (35).pptVIP

Youshouldbeabletotell:1,Locationandformofgeneticmaterial,2,Typesofplasmid,

GeneticmaterialCellNucleusChromosomeNucleotides?Nucleicacid?GeneGeneticcode7levelswithinthecell

A?gene?isasequenceofnucleotidesin?DNA?or?RNA?that?codes?foramoleculethathasafunction.?Whatisgene?operatorAcertainsequenceofnucleotidesin?DNAcanbeclassifiedintothreegroups,GenesencodeproteinStructuregeneRegulatinggeneGeneswithouttranslatedproducttRNAgenerRNAgeneUntranslatedDNApromotor

PlasmidA?plasmid?isasmall?DNA?moleculewithinacellthatisphysicallyseparatedfroma?chromosomalDNA?andcanreplicateindependently.Theyaremostcommonlyfoundassmallcircular,double-strandedDNAmoleculesin?bacteria.

EpisomeTheterm?episome?wasintroducedby?Fran?oisJacob?and?élieWollman?in1958torefertoextra-chromosomalgeneticmaterialthatmayreplicateautonomouslyorbecomeintegratedintothechromosome.?Sincethetermwasintroduced,however,itsusehasshifted,as?plasmid?hasbecomethepreferredtermforautonomouslyreplicatingextrachromosomalDNA.Todaysomeauthorsuse?episome?inthecontextofprokaryotestorefertoaplasmidthatiscapableofintegratingintothechromosome.?

TypesofplasmidPlasmidsmaybegenerallyclassifiedinto5types.ConjugativeplasmidResistanceplasmidBacteriocin-producingandantibioticplasmidPlasmidswithphysiologicalfunctionsToxinproducingplasmid

Fertilityfactor

Resistanceplasmid

ColplasmidconjugativeNon-conjugativeColB-K77ColIb-P9ColV-B188ColE1-16ColE2-P9ColE3-CA38ColK-K235

Tiplasmid

Applicationofplasmidingeneengineering

IsolationofplasmidManymethodshavebeendevelopedtopurifyplasmid?DNA?from?bacteria.?Thesemethodsgenerallyinvolvethreesteps:1,lysisofcell2,removalofproteinandRNA3,PurificationofplasmidDNA?

VocabularylistNucleusChromosomeNucleotidesGeneGeneticcodeNucleicacidPlasmidFertilityfactorResistanceplasmidTumorinducingplasmid