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工作中的年龄歧视

英语专四阅读模拟试题：工作中的年龄歧视

Recently,CongressionalDemocratsintroducedlegislationtomakeiteasierforolder

workerstowinagediscriminationlawsuits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificant

workplaceissue.

Inrecenttenyears,15.79percentofcasesbroughttotheEqualEmployment

OpportunityCommission,weredescribedassuccessfulclaims.Whilethisnumberis

smallgiventhenumberofworkerscoveredbytheAgeDiscriminationin

EmploymentAct,many,ifnotmost,instancesofagediscriminationareneversued,

andcaseshiringdiscriminationoftengoundetected.

Mostofthosewhodosuearewhite,malemiddle-managerswhoarelikelytohave

lostasizeablesalaryandpension.Forthemostpart,othergroupsdonotsue

becausethecostsofalawsuitoutweighthepotentialbenefits.Agediscrimination

remainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Thereisstrongexperimentalevidenceforagediscriminationinhiring,atleastfor

entry-leveljobs.Recently,IperformedalabormarketexperimentinBostoninwhich

Isentoutthousandsofresumesforfictitious(虚构的)entry-levelfemalecandidates

andmeasuredresponseratebasedondateofhighschoolgraduation.Amongthis

group,youngerapplicants,whosedateofhighschoolgraduationindicatedthatthey

werelessthan50yearsold,were40percentmorelikelytobecalledbackforan

interviewthanwereolderapplicants.

Itisdifficulttotellwhetheremploymentproblemsareworseforolderworkersthan

forotherworkerswhentimesarebad.Thenumberofdiscriminationlawsuits

increasesduringtimesofhighunemployment,butthisfindingbyitselfdoesnot

indicateanincreasedlevelofagediscrimination.Intimesofhigherunemployment,

theopportunitycosttoalawsuitislowerthanitiswhentimesaregood.

Fromtheemployersperspective,masslayoffsmayseemlikeagoodchanceto

rem