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Chapter22NuclearMagneticResonanceSpectrometry1
1924,theoryproposedbyPalui1946,Bloch(Stanford)Purcell(Harvad),absorptionofEMRbynucleiundermagneticfield1953,firstcommercialinstrumentbyVarian1954,BlochPurcell,Nobelprizeinphysics1970,FouriertransformNMR(FT-NMR)1972,MRimaging;1977,MRIonhuman1991,R.R.Ernst,Nobelprizeinchemistry(FT-NMRmulti-dimensionalNMRtechniques)2
OutlineBasicprinciplesofNMRabsorptionStructureandNMRspectrumInstrumentationapplication3
QuantumdescriptionofNMRNucleusspinsandhasanangularmomentum,pandhasaspinquantumnumber,I.2I+1discretestate(s)(I,I-1,…,-I+1,-I)degeneratewithoutexternalmagneticfield4
MagneticfiledproducedduetospinningofchargednucleiMagneticmomentμMagnetogyricratio(gyromagneticratio)γγ-propertyofthenuclei,seetable19-15
DifferenttypesofnucleineutronandprotonnumbersBothevennumbers,I=0,noNMRabsorption,12C,16O,32SOneineventheotheroddnumber, I=1/21H,13C,15N,19F,31P,37Se I=3/27Li,9Be,11B,33S,35Cl,37Cl I=5/217O,25Mg,27Al,55Mn …Bothinoddnumbers I=12H(D),6Li,14N …6
EnergylevelinamagneticfieldI=1/2,twoorientationsunderB0PotentialenergyoforientationsForspecificradiationν0Transitionofnucleusenergylevel7
Magneticmomentsandenergylevelsforanucleuswithspinquantumnumberof+/-1/28
ClassicaldescriptionofNMRLarmorprecessionfrequencyω=γB0=2πν09
DistributionofparticlesbetweenmagneticquantumstatesBolztmanndistribution:twoenergystate(m=+1/2)Ni/N0=exp(-ΔE/kT)=exp(-γhB0/2πkT)Undertypicalconditions,differenceinppmlevelonly(33ppmfor1H)SeeExample19-2:at20oC,4.69Tfield,forprotons,Ni/N0=0.999967.10
Maclaurinseries,truncatetheseriesafterthesecondterm,thenAbsorptionproportionaltomagneticfieldstrengththesignalsensitivitydependenceonfieldstrengthhasledmanufacturerstoproducemagnetswithfieldstrengthaslarge
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