第一章概述ChapterOneOverview课件.pptx

第一章概述ChapterOneOverview

定义Definition低视力是指患者的视觉功能减退到一定程度，且不能用常规的屈光矫正方法或者手术、药物等治疗达到期望的视力水平者。Lowvisionreferstoapatientwhosevisionisreducedtoacertainextentthatcannotbecorrectedtotheexpectedvisionacuitywithconventionalrefractivecorrectionmethodsortreatmentssuchassurgery,medicines,etc.

表现Symptoms视力下降Decreasedvision视野缺损visualfielddefect对比敏感度、色觉、暗适应、眼球运动或双眼视功能的异常Possibleabnormalitiesincontrastsensitivity,colorvision,darkadaptation,eyeballmovement,orbinocularvision需要借助其他装置或训练来改善和提高视觉能力和活动能力Requiringtheassistofotherdevicesand(or)trainingtoimproveandenhancevisionandmobilityabilities.

释义Interpretation低视力并不是指某一种疾病Lowvisiondoesnotindicateadisease也不是一种屈光不正Notarefractiveerror是一个功能性定义，可用于任何因疾病或功能紊乱而影响视觉系统的患者。Afunctionaldefinitionthatcanbeusedinanypatientwhosevisualsystemisaffectedbyadiseaseordysfunction.

释义Interpretation这一概念并不包括单眼视觉功能下降的患者Patientswithreducedmonocularvisionarenotincludedinthisconcept.定义中“常规的屈光矫正方法”是指用于矫正屈光不正和(或)近附加不超过+4.00DS的眼镜和接触镜。The“conventionalrefractivecorrectionmethods”includedinthedefinitionreferstotheglassesandcontactlensusedtocorrectrefractiveerrorand(or)addwhicharenomorethan+4.00DS.

定义Definition（Faye）20世纪50年代，Faye将低视力定义为：视力及视野均不正常，且视力损害不能用普通眼镜矫正，并由于视功能损害造成日常生活困难。Inthe1950s,Fayedefinedlowvisionasabnormalvisionandvisualfieldwhosevisualimpairmentcannotbecorrectedwithordinaryglasses,withdifficultiesindailylifecausedbyvisualfunctionimpairment.该概念承认患者仍然存在一定的视力，且这个视力不能简单地认为是光感。Thisconceptacknowledgesthatthepatientstillhassomevision,whichcannotsimplybeconsideredalightperception.

诊断标准（1973年）Diagnosticcriteria(1973)1973年，世界卫生组织（WHO）制定了盲及低视力的诊断标准与分级。In1973,theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)formulatedthediagnosticstandardandgradingofblindnessandlowvision.低视力的诊断标准：双眼中好眼最佳矫正视力小于0.3且大于0.05。Thediagnosticcriteriaforlowvisionatthattimewerethatthebestcorrected