跨文化商务交际Uncertainty Avoidance.ppt

UncertaintyAvoidance

MainPoints1.Lowuncertaintyavoidancesocieties2.Highuncertaintyavoidance3.Impactuponlowuncertaintyavoidancesocieties4.Impactuponhighuncertaintyavoidancesocieties

UncertaintyAvoidanceThisdimensionreferstohowcomfortablepeoplefeeltowardsambiguityCultureswhichrankedlow(comparedtoothercultures),feelmuchmorecomfortablewiththeunknown.AccordingtoHofstede(霍夫斯太德),uncertaintyavoidancereferstothelackoftoleranceforambiguityandtheneedforformalrulesandhigh-levelorganizationalstructure.

Theunpredictability(n.不可预言)ofthefuture,andtheresultant(adj.作为结果而发生的,合成的)anxietythatthisproduces,ispartofthehumanexperience.Nevertheless,culturesdifferinthedegreetowhichtheycantolerateambiguity,copewithuncertainties,andadapttothefuture.

Atthecoreofuncertaintyavoidanceistheinescapable(adj.逃不掉的,不可避免的)truism(n.真实性)thatthefutureisunknown.Thoughwemayalltry,noneofuscanaccuratelypredictthenextmoment,day,year,ordecade.AstheAmericanplaywright(n.剧作家)TennesseeWilliamsoncenoted,Thefutureiscalled“‘perhaps’,whichistheonlypossiblethingtocallthefuture.”

Hofstedesuncertainty-avoidancemeasureindicatestheextenttowhichacultureconditions(vt.以...为条件,使达到要求的情况)itsmemberstofeeleithercomfortableoruncomfortableinunstructured(adj.无社会组织的,未组织的),ambiguous(adj.暧昧的,不明确的),andunpredictablesituations.

1.LowuncertaintyavoidancesocietiesALowUncertaintyAvoidancerankingindicatesthecountryhaslessconcernaboutambiguityanduncertaintyandhasmoretoleranceforavarietyofopinions.Thisisreflectedinasocietythatislessrule-oriented,morereadily(adv.乐意地,欣然,容易地)acceptschange,andtakesmoreandgreaterrisks.

Thecriticalcomponentsoflowuncertaintyavoidancedimension:1.Willingnesstolivedaybyday;2.Lessemotionalresistancetochange;3.More