中南大学《离散数学》课件-第9章（英文版）.ppt

LatticesCopyright2007@byXuDezhi1

AgendaOverviewDefinitionsLatticesExamplesCopyright2007@byXuDezhi2

Copyright2007@byXuDezhi3OverviewLatticeConsistsofasetandarelation.Relationmustbeapartiallyorderset.APartialOrderisReflexive,Transitiveandanti-symmetric.Reflexive:Everyelementcomparestoitself.Transitive:Ifxcomparestoy,whichinturncomparestoz,thenxcomparestoz.Anti-symmetric:Ifxcomparestoyandycomparestox,thenx=y.

Copyright2007@byXuDezhi4LatticesDefinition:SetS,relationRRisreflexive,antisymmetric,transitiveonelementsofSForeverys,t?S,thereexistsagreatestlowerboundunderRForeverys,t?S,thereexistsaleastupperboundunderR

Copyright2007@byXuDezhi5LatticesExample:[S={0,1,2};R=“lessthanorequal”]isalattice.Risclearlyreflexive,antisymmetric,transitiveonelementsofS.LeastupperboundofanytwoelementsofSisthegreater.GreatestlowerboundofanytwoelementsofSisthelesser.

LatticesHasseDiagramfor[S={0,1,2};R=“lessthanorequal”]Copyright2007@byXuDezhi6210

Copyright2007@byXuDezhi7LatticesExample:RCmeans“largerthan”forcomplexnumber.SomecomplexnumbersetC,RCformalattice.RCisreflexive,antisymmetric,andtransitive.Leastupperboundforaandb:cR=max(aR,bR),cI=max(aI,bI);thenc=cR+cIiGreatestlowerboundforaandb:cR=min(aR,bR),cI=min(aI,bI);thenc=cR+cIi

LatticesLetC={1+5i,2+5i,2+4i,1+4i},thenHassediagramforlattice[C,RC]is:Copyright2007@byXuDezhi81+5i2+4i1+4i2+5i

Copyright2007@byXuDezhi9LatticeandnotLatticeaaadbdbcdbcbadc（1）Y（2）N（3）Y（4）N

LatticesCopyright2007@byXuDezhi10Example:(D,≤,∪,∩)D:Powersetof{a,b,c}≤:ifx≤y,iffx?y∪(join):unionofsubsetsofpowerset.∩(meet):intersectionofsubsetsofpowerset.

Copyright2007@byXuDezhi11Φ={}U={a,b,c}D={a,b}E={a,c}F={b,c}A={a}B={b}C={c}

Copyright2007