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Unit9
ChineseKungfu;武术不只是踢打蹦跳,其中还蕴含着中国的民族精神和道德观念。对中国武术很感兴趣的
西方人也不少,学习了本课,您可以试着用英语向他们说说中国功夫。;Briefhistory
KungfuisatermthathasbeenborrowedintoEnglishtorefertoChinese
martialarts1.Accordingtolegend2,Chinesemartialartsoriginated3during
thesemi-mythical4XiaDynastymorethan4,000yearsago.ItissaidtheYel-
lowEmperorintroducedtheearliestfightingsystemstoChina.Theearliest
referencestoChinesemartialartsarefoundinTheSpringandAutumnAn-
nals????????(5thcenturyB.C.),whereahandtohandcombat5theoryismen-
tioned.①Acombatwrestling6systemcalledJueliismentionedintheClassic
ofRites.JuelibecameasportduringtheQinDynasty(221B.C.~207B.C.).;StartingfromtheTangDynasty(618~907),Kungfuexaminationwaspro-
posed7andimplemented8.TheSong(960~1279)andYuan(1206~1368)Dy-
nastieswitnessedtheclimaxofKungfudevelopment.Themodernconcepts
ofKungfuwerefullydevelopedbytheMing(1368~1644)andQing(1644~
1912)Dynasties.
Philosophical9influences
TheideasassociatedwithChinesemartialartschangedwiththeevolutionof
Chinesesocietyandovertimeacquiredsomephilosophicalbasesfromthe
ZhuangziconcerningthepsychologyandpracticeofmartialartsandtheTao;TeChing,anotherDaoisttextthatcontainsprinciplesapplicable10tomartial
arts.AccordingtooneoftheclassictextsofConfucianism,ZhouLi,archery1
1andcharioteering12werepartofthe“sixarts”②,includingrites,music,
calligraphyandmathematicsoftheZhouDynasty(1122B.C.~256B.C.).
Daoistpractitioners13havebeenpracticingTaoYin③,physicalexercisessim-
ilartoQigongfromasearlyas500B.C.Also,thenotedphysician,HuaTuo,
composed14the“FiveAnimalsPlay”④—tiger,deer,monkey,bear,and
bird,around220A.D..Daoistphilosophyandtheirapproachtohealthand
exercisehaveinfluencedtheChinesemartialartstoacertainextent.Direct;referencetoDaoistconceptscanbef
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