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Chapter2

HistoryofSchoolFinance

Ourfoundingfathersprofoundlybelievedthattheirnewdemocracy’shealthdependedonitspeople’svirtuesasright,honorable,ethicalindividualsaswellasknowledgeablecitizens.

FoundingFathersBelieved

PublicEducationEssentialRousseaunotedin1758that“publiceducation…isoneofthefundamentalrulesofpopularorlegitimategovernment”.JeanJacquesRousseau,ADiscourseofPoliticalEconomy,1758,translationandintroductionbyG.D.H.ColeinTheSocialContractandDiscourses,London:J.M.DentSons,1973),p.149.Aneducatedgeneralpopulacerequiredforitsdemocraticrepublic’ssurvival

ThefirstAmericanschoolfinancelawsdatebacktotheMassachusettsActof1642,whichrequiredparentsandmasterstoattendtotheeducationaldutiesofthecolony’ssonsandservants.

“TheGeneralCourt(thecoloniallegislature)empowered‘certainchosenmen’ofeachtowntoascertain,fromtimetotime,iftheparentsandmasterswereattendingtotheireducationalduties;ifthechildrenwerebeingtrainedinlearningandlaborandotheremployments…profitabletotheCommonwealth.”

EarlyU.S.ValueinEducation“Thechildistobeeducated,nottoadvancehispersonalinterest,butbecausethestatewillsufferifheisnoteducated.”

“YeOldeDeluderSatan”LawsWithinfiveyearsofthefirstschoolfinancelaw,however,itfailed;ThelawpresumedthatthosewhocouldreadunderstandtheBiblecouldn’tbetemptedtofollowSatan’swiles.

DifferentSizedSettlementsHad

VaryingRequirementsforProviding

PublicSchoolingFor50ormorehouseholds-AppointareadingandwritingteacherPaywhatdeemedappropriateForsettlementsof100ormorehouseholds–Communitytaxedpropertyownerstoprovideagrammarschool

Townsnotmeetingthiseducationalrequirementfacedafinancialpenalty.

WhoPaidforSchools?Foundingfathersbelievedthatthewealthyshouldpayforeducation’spublicandreligiousfuncti