第二章1神经传导和神经肌接头.pptVIP

第二章神经肌肉组织的兴奋;;细胞的跨膜物质转运;细胞的跨膜物质转运;细胞的跨膜物质转运;细胞的跨膜物质转运;神经和肌肉的兴奋和兴奋性;神经和肌肉的兴奋和兴奋性;神经冲动的产生和传导;神经冲动的产生和传导;神经冲动的产生和传导;神经冲动的产生和传导;神经肌肉之间兴奋传递;5、乙酰胆碱脂酶（AChE，acetycholinesterase）：接点褶中有AChE，可以分解ACh。;3.2终板电位与小终板电位;小终板电位：肌纤维处于静息状态，终板区记录到一系列微小间歇小电位。（全或无的去极化，子弹Vs.炮弹);突触囊泡的动员、停靠、着位、融合和胞吐;3.4逆转电位;递质失活和药理作用;运动神经末梢传来AP激活膜上钙离子通道,钙离子内流引发末梢中囊泡出胞ACh释放扩散ACh与后膜上受体结合激活受体的离子通道终板电位引发肌膜产生APAChE分解ACh

;back;back;back;蛙的神经肌肉接点处;引自《分子神经生物学》，陈宜张主编;（NatureRevMolCellBiol,2001,2:98-106）;Figure1Synapticvesiclelifecycle.Thesynapticvesiclelifecyclebeginswiththesynthesisofvesicle-associatedproteinsinthecellbody(step1),followedbytargetingtosynapticterminals(step2).Attheterminal,thevesicleundergoesamaturationprocessinvolvingmembranefusionandendocytosisbeforeneurotransmitterisactivelytransportedacrossthemembrane(step3).Areservepoolofvesiclesistetheredtothecytoskeleton(step4).Mobilization(step5)fromthecytoskeletonisfollowedbyvesicledocking(step6),whichconsistsoftheapproachofthevesicletowardtheactivezoneplasmamembraneandtheformationofproteincomplexeslinkingthetwomembranes.ExocytosisrequiresanATP-dependentprimingreaction(step7)asaprerequisiteforCa2+-triggeredmembranefusion(step8).Followingreleaseoftheneurotransmitter,vesiclemembraneandproteinconstituentsarerecycledviaendocytosis,mediatedatleastinpartbyclathrincoats(step9).Recycledvesiclesshedtheircoats,thencandirectlyreuptakeneurotransmitter(10a)orfirstpassthroughrecyclingendosomes(10b)beforeundergoingthenextroundofexocytosis.;