TCP扁平拓扑问题与子网划分原理.pdfVIP

FlatTopology

Problems

▪Alldevicessharethesamebandwidth.

▪Alldevicessharethesamebroadcastdomain.

▪Itisdifficulttoapplyasecurity.

Subnetworks

▪Smallernetworksare

easiertomanage.

▪Overalltrafficis

reduced.

▪Youcanmoreeasily

applynetworksecurity

policies.

WhataSubnetMaskDoes

▪Tellstherouterthenumberofbitstolookatwhenrouting

▪Definesthenumberofbitsthataresignificant

▪Usedasameasuringtool,nottohideanything

SubnettingReview

Toidentifysubnets,youwill“borrow”bitsfromthehostIDportionoftheIP

address:

▪Thenumberofsubnetsavailabledependsonthenumberofbitsborrowed.

s

–Theavailablenumberofsubnets2,Iwhichsisthenumberofbitsborrowed.

▪ThenumberofhostspersubnetavailabledependsuponthenumberofhostIDbitsnot

borrowed.

h

–Theavailablenumberofhostspersubnet2-2,inwhichhisthenumberofhostbits

notborrowed.

–Oneaddressisasthenetworkaddress.

–Oneaddressisasthebroadcastaddress.

PossibleSubnetsandHostsforaClassANetwork

PossibleSubnetsandHostsforaClassBNetwork

PossibleSubnetsandHostsforaClassCNetwork

EndSystemSubnetMaskOperation

HowRoutersUseSubnetMasks

ApplyingtheSubnetAddressScheme

OctetValuesofaSubnetMask

Subnetmasks,likeIPaddresses,arerepresentedinthedotteddecimal

formatlike

DefaultSubnetMasks

ExampleExampleClassClassAAaddressaddress(decimal):(decimal):

ExampleExampleClassClassAAaddressaddress(binary):(binary):000000000000000