多层住宅给排水设计专业外文文献.docxVIP

Multi-storeyResidentialBuildingPlumbingDesign:Principles,Practices,andConsiderations

Abstract

Keywords

Multi-storeyResidential;PlumbingDesign;WaterSupply;Drainage;SanitarySystems;WaterEfficiency;Sustainability

1.Introduction

2.DesignFundamentalsandWaterDemandAssessment

2.1UnderstandingBuildingOccupancyandUsagePatterns

Thecornerstoneofanyeffectiveplumbingdesignliesinathoroughunderstandingofthebuildingsoccupancycharacteristicsandintendedusage.Thisincludesthenumberofdwellingunits,theaveragenumberofoccupantsperunit,andlifestylepatternsthatinfluencewaterconsumption.Factorssuchasthepresenceofwater-intensiveappliances(e.g.,dishwashers,washingmachines),bathinghabits,andevenculturalnormscansignificantlyaffectpeakwaterdemand.Designersmustcollaboratecloselywitharchitectsandbuildingownerstogatheraccuratedata,oftenrelyingonlocalbuildingcodesandstandardizedoccupancyguidelineswhenpreciseinformationisunavailable.

2.2WaterConsumptionCalculationsandFixtureUnits

Accurateestimationofwaterdemandiscriticaltosizingpipes,selectingpumps(ifrequired),andensuringadequatewaterpressurethroughoutthebuilding.Thisinvolvescalculatingboththeaveragedailyconsumptionandthepeakhourlydemand.Thefixtureunit(FU)methodiswidelyemployed,whereeachplumbingfixtureisassignedaunitvaluebasedonitsflowrateandusagefrequency.Summingthesevaluesforallfixturesinthebuildingprovidesabasisfordeterminingtherequiredpipediametersandwatersupplycapacity.Itisessentialtoaccountfordiversityinfixtureusage,asnotallfixtureswillbeinoperationsimultaneously.Designstandardstypicallyprovidediversityfactorstoadjustthetotalfixtureunits,ensuringamorerealisticassessmentofpeakdemand.

3.WaterSupplySystemDesign

3.1SourcingandDistributionStrategy

3.2PipeRouting,Sizing,andMaterialSelection

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