电容与电容量：线性电路分析基础.pdfVIP

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#16

ECE201LinearCircuitAnalysisI

(Prof.H.Z.Tan)

Topic:CapacitorandCapacitance

1.WhatisaCapacitor?

syrmaolc

Usuallymadeoftwometaltesseparatedbyairorotherinsulatingmaterial.Capacitorstendto

resistsuddenchangesinvoltageacrossthetes.

2.Capacitance

1.Symbol:C

(passive-signconvention)

$$i_{C}=CS_{C}^{\prime}\quadU_{L}=Li_{L}U_{C}=\frac{1}{c}\inti_{C}

\quadi_{L}=\frac{1}{L}\intU_{L}$$

2.unitofC:farads(F)

3.i-vrelationship

$$\boxed{i_{c}(t)=C\frac{\mathrm{d}v_{c}(t)}{\mathrm{d}t}}$$

(comparewith$\mathrm{v_L(t)=L\frac{di_L(t)}{dt}}$

thus1F  1A-sec/v

4.v-irelationship

$$\boxed{v_{c}(t)=\frac{1}{C}\int_{-\infty}^{t}i_{c}(\tau)d\tau}$$

Equivalently,$\mathrm{v}_{\mathrm{c}}(t)=\underbrace{\frac{1}{C}\int_{-

\infty}^{t_0}i_c(\tau)d\tau}_{\mathrm{c}}+\frac{1}{C}\int_{t_0}^{t}i_c(\tau)d\tau$

v(t)=initialcondition

c0

Liketheinductor,acapacitorhasmemory.

$$\boxed{v_{c}(t)=v_{c}\left(t_{o}\right)+\frac{1}{C}\int_{t_{o}}^{t}i_{c}

(\tau)d\tau}$$

3.ContinuityPropertyofCapacitor

(Voltage)

−+

1.Ifi(t)isbounded,thenv(t)iscontinuous:v(t)  v(t).

cccc

2.unitstepfunctionandimpulsefunction

stepfunction:$u(t)=\begin{cases}1t\geq0\\00.\end{cases}$

impulsefunction:$\delta(t)=\frac{\mathrm{du}(t)}{\mathrm{dt}}$