国际法中的管辖、引渡.pptVIP

Jurisdiction 管辖权 Definition: the power of a state to govern persons, property and situations；an essential attribute of sovereignty prescriptive /enforcement jurisdiction 规制/执行管辖权 Legislative/ Executive / Judicial Jurisdiction 立法/行政/司法管辖权 Judicial Jurisdiction Civil / criminal jurisdiction Bases of criminal jurisdiction According to The Harvard Research Draft Convention of 1935 (1935的草约研究）有以下几种根据： The Territorial Principle 领域原则 The Protective Principle 保护原则 The Nationality Principle 国籍原则 The Passive Personality Principle 被害人国际原则 The Universality Principle 普遍原则 6.3 Territorial principle Jurisdiction over property and persons and events occurring within its territory, the most accepted and used basis of jurisdiction. For crimes committed in more than one State objective territorial principle (where was the offence completed and had its effect) 领域客观性原则，以犯罪结果发生地为准 。 subjective territorial principle（where was the offence commenced） 领域主观性原则，犯罪行为发生地。 “效果说”,the effect doctrine: committed abroad, harmful effects within the territory. 容易被超级大国利用，如美《反托拉斯法》对外国人在外国做出的行为进行惩罚。 extra-territorial jurisdiction 域外管辖 6.4 Protective and security principle Jurisdiction over offenses committed outside its territory, which are considered injurious to its security and national interests. 国家行使保护管辖的理由： 当一个外国人在一国领域外所为的犯罪行为，影响该国国家安全、领土完整及政治上独立时使用。但行为地法律不认为该行为是犯罪的除外。 实践中多跟货币、移民等案件相关。危险在于国家利益的扩大解释，何为“vital economic interests?” 6.5 Nationality principle Jurisdiction over their nationals even in respect of offences committed abroad, which is less usual in common law countries. Nationality sources Descent from parents who are nationals 血统主义 Birth within the territory of the state 出生地主义 Jurisdiction basis Nationals of a state possess certain rights such as voting and being voted, traveling abroad with a valid passport issued by the state. 主动国籍原则与被动国籍原则 Nottebohm case 诺特波姆案 诺特波姆是德国人。1905年他离开德国，开始在危地马拉定居，并把该国作为其事业中心。1939年10月，他去列支敦士登探亲时花钱买了个列支敦士登国籍。按照德国法，他同时丧失德