同济《医学影像学》6-Urinary泌尿系统英文版.ppt

Urinary system Methods of investigation X-ray Plain abdominal radiographs Urogram Excretory urography (intravenous pyelography, IVP) Retrograde urography Cystography urethrography Abdominal aortography Selective renal arteriography Plain abdominal radiographs (KUB) Bowel preparation A full-length film including: Th11 to bladder base The prostatic urethra (in the male) Investigation : calcification The position, shape, size of the kidneys Normal KUB Excretory urography Purpose: Showing the anatomical shape of renal pelvis, ureter, bladder An indication of renal function Method: Normal dosage Double dosage Dosage:300 mg-600mg I kg?1 body weight Normal IVP Retrograde urography Applications: In the patients whom excretion urography is failure Contraindications: the lower urinary tract infection Method: Cystoscopic-guided catheterize into the selected ureter Contrast media: 10-25% Iodinated contrast media 5-10ml, the dosage can be increase when hydronephrosis presents. Bilateral retrograde urography Air retrograde urography Cystography Applications: Bladder mass, Diverticulum, compression of adjacent organ Method: Antegrade and Retrograde Contrast media: 3-5% Iodinated contrast media 100-200ml, air, or both of them (Double contrast cystography) Normal cystography Urethrography Applications: Stenosis of Urethra Method: Antegrade and Retrograde Contrast Media: 15-25% Iodinated contrast media Normal antegrade urethrography, a oblique view and a A-P view Abdominal aortography Selective renal arteriography Method: Digital Subtraction angiography Applications: Renovascular disease, tumor disease (combine with interventional therapy) Normal abdominal aortography Showing the bilateral renal arteries (red arrow) Stenosis of the left renal artery (green arrow) Selective renal digital subtraction arteriography CT MR Ultrasound Image observing and analysis (X-ray) Normal Plain abdominal radiographs (KUB) Kidney Different form of pelvis renales A normal fo