基于谐波小波分析的转炉悬挂齿轮箱耳轴轴承故障诊断.pdfVIP

基于谐波小波分析的转炉悬挂齿轮箱耳轴轴承故障诊断 基于谐波小波分析的转炉悬挂齿轮 ∗ 箱耳轴轴承故障诊断 李友荣 肖 涵 （武汉科技大学机械自动化学院，武汉 430081 ） 摘 要 转炉耳轴的回转速度很慢，其轴承属低速重载轴承，采用通常方法不能诊断出低速重载轴承的故障，需 究专门的故障诊断方法。 文中首先分析了低速重载轴承的故障特点，当轴承某一元件表面出现损伤时，在受载运行过程中损伤点要撞击其 它元件表面而产生冲击力。由于轴承转速很低，故障冲击时间较长，其冲击能量随频率增高而迅速降低。因此，不 能采用自振频率很高的普通振动传感器作为谐振器。 研制了一种专用的低频振动传感器作为低速重载轴承故障诊断的谐振器，该传感器的自振频率只有20～30Hz，可 利用增减传感器壳体内阻尼油的多少来调整传感器的自振频率。 提出了一种基于谐波小波变换的共振解调算法。该方法把低频重复冲击信号转换为重复出现的高频自由衰减振动， 然后再变换成幅值和延续时间均得到放大的低频信号，实现轴承的故障诊断。 该技术已应用于某炼钢厂250t 转炉，准确判断出转炉悬挂齿轮箱耳轴轴承故障及其发展趋势，避免了设备事故。 关键词 转炉 谐波小波 轴承 故障诊断 共振解调 The Fault Diagnosis of Trunnion Bearing of Converter’s Suspended Gearbox Based on Harmonic Wavelet Li Yourong Xiao Han (Mechanical Engineering School Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081) Abstract The bearing’s failures of suspended gearbox are difficult to be identified by common diagnosis algorithm because of the low rotative velocity of converter’s trunnion. The export diagnosis algorithm should be developed to identify the fault of low speed and heavy-duty bearing. The fault characteristics of low speed and heavy-duty bearing are introduced in the paper. If there are impair on the surface of an element of bearing, the impulse force between the impaired loci and the other elements will be provoked. The impulse of fault will last some time and its impact energy declined as frequency increasing because of the low rotative velocity of bearing. The common vibration transducer with high natural vibration frequency can not work as a resonantor. A special low-frequency vibration transduer was developed to use