核电站弯管棘轮特性的试验研究.docVIP

  核电站弯管棘轮特性的试验研究# 王勇，朱建北，陈旭** （天津大学化工学院，天津 300072） 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 摘要：核级压力管道承受多轴载荷的作用会产生显著的棘轮变形，这将对核电站管道的安全 设计和运行可靠性提出了更高的要求。本文利用多轴疲劳试验机对承受恒定内压的 Z2CND18.12N 奥氏体不锈钢 90°弯管施加循环弯矩载荷进行棘轮效应的试验研究，试验结 果表明棘轮应变主要发生在环向，而轴向棘轮应变相对较小。弯管外壁面的最大棘轮应变出 现在内缘线位置，其次为 45°位置和顶线位置，外缘线的棘轮应变最小。随着循环弯曲载荷 或内压的增加，棘轮应变及棘轮应变速率均增加。高的载荷历史将影响较低载荷的棘轮应变 响应。 关键词：棘轮效应；90°弯管；恒定内压；循环弯矩 中图分类号：TG 142.71 O 344.1 Experimental Study on Ratcheting Behavior of Pressurized Elbows in Nuclear Plant WANG Yong, ZHU Jianbei, CHEN Xu (School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, TianJin 300072) Abstract: Pressurized piping in nuclear industries suffers complicated multi-axial loadings which may lead to significant ratcheting deformation. It is vital to ensure that these components are designed and in operation against ratcheting in nuclear industries. With a multi-axial fatigue test machine, ratcheting effect was studied experimentally for pressurized Z2CND18.12N austenitic stainless steel elbows under fully reversed bending. The experiment results show that the ratcheting strain occurs mainly in the hoop direction while there is less ratcheting strain in the axial direction. The maximum ratcheting strain of outside surface of elbows occurred mainly in the hoop direction at intrados, followed by 45°direction and at flanks. The minimum ratcheting strain was found at extrados. Both ratcheting strain and ratcheting strain rate increase with increasing pressure or reversed bending load. The prior cycling with higher loading restrains the ratcheting behavior of following cycling with lower loading. Keywords: ratcheting; 90°elbow; constant pressure; reversed bending 0 引言 随着我国核电行业的迅猛发展，核级压力管道也得到了广泛的应用。核级压力管道在核 电设备当中占据着十分重要的地位，直接影响着核电站正常安全的运行。核级压力管道的可 靠性和安全性问题越来越受到人们的重视，特别是今年日本福岛核电站事故之后，核电站的 安全问题再次得到人们的高度重视。 压水堆（PWR）的一回路管道是核电站的重要屏障。一回路的大直径主管道主要负责 冷却剂循环流动，从反应堆压力容器带走热量、在蒸汽发生器完成和二回路水的热量交换后 重新流回反应堆压力容器。而一回路的其它管道在核电厂运行期间主要起辅助作用，并在非 正常和事故工况下起缓解作用，这些管道被称之为一回路辅助管道。虽然这些辅助管道的流 量远不及主管道，但对于维持一回路管道的结构完整以及核电厂