纳米金刚石的制备、生成机理、特性及其应用前景.docVIP

  纳米金刚石的制备、生成机理、特性及其应 用前景# 邹芹，王明智，李艳国，赵玉成** 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 （河北省，秦皇岛市，河北大街西段 438 号，燕山大学，亚稳材料制备技术与科学国家重点 实验室） 摘要：本文主要介绍爆炸法制备纳米金刚石、纳米金刚石的生成机理、纳米金刚石的特性、 纳米金刚石的应用。介绍了爆炸合成纳米金刚石的爆炸原料、装药形式、惰性介质、纳米金 刚石的提纯、纳米金刚石的分散。归纳总结了几种纳米金刚石的生长机理。爆炸法制备纳米 金刚石的过程中，爆炸反应区中最初的类气态自由碳在高温高压下过饱和而凝聚成碳液滴再 结晶相变成金刚石。纳米金刚石除具有纳米材料和宏观尺寸金刚石的一些基本性质外还具有 某些特殊的性质，如：晶格常数大、德拜温度低、化学活性大等。由此，其在复合镀层添加 物、塑料和橡胶增强添加剂、润滑油添加物、精细研磨材料、场发射、医学等领域具有广阔 的应用前景。 关键词：纳米金刚石；制备；生成机理；特性；应用 中图分类号：TB383 Preparation, Formation Mechanism, Characteristics and Applications of Nanodiamond ZOU Qin, WANG Mingzhi, LI Yanguo, ZHAO Yucheng (State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China) Abstract: Preparing nanodiamond by explosion, formation mechanism, characteristics, application of nanodiamond are introduced in this paper. Explosive materials, explosives, inert medium, purification, dispersion of detonation nanodiamond are introduced. Several growth mechanisms of nanodiamond are summarized in the areticle. During the process of preparing nanodiamond by detonation, the first class of the gaseous free carbon in the explosion reaction zone supersaturated and condensed into droplets and crystallized into diamonds under high pressure and high temperature. Nanodiamond has some special properties except for some basic properties of nanomaterials and macroscopic size diamond, such as large lattice constant, low Debye temperature, high chemical activity. Thus, it has broad application prospects in the composite coating additives, plastics and rubber additives, lubricating oil additives, fine grinding material, field emission, medical and other fields. Key words: nanodiamond; preparation; formation mechanism; characteristics; application 0 引言 纳米金刚石是平均粒径为纳米量级的金刚石微粉，它兼具了纳米粒子和超硬材料的双 重特性，巨大的比表面积、大量的结构缺陷和表面含氧官能团等，使其在开发具有特殊新性 基金项目：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助课题(20091333120002)、国家自然科学基金资助项目碳纳 米葱无添加剂制备多晶金刚石烧结体的研究、河北省自然科学基金资助项目场发射微等离子体的 产生及诊断(A2010001118) 作者简介：邹芹（出生年-1978），女，