原位观察电子束辐照下双壁碳纳米管的不稳定性.docVIP

  原位观察电子束辐照下双壁碳纳米管的 不稳定性# 公会敏1,2，朱贤方1,2，李论雄1,2** 5 10 15 20 25 30 （1. 厦门大学物理系，福建 厦门 361005； 2. 厦门大学中国-澳大利亚联合功能纳米材料实验室，福建 厦门 361005） 摘要：室温下利用高分辨透射电子显微镜原位观察了两端固定和一端固定一端自由的双壁碳 纳米管在电子束辐照下的结构不稳定性。实验发现：在相同辐照条件下，两端固定的双壁碳 纳米管首先径向持续均匀收缩，然后局部颈缩，最后在颈缩处断裂；一端固定另一端自由的 双壁碳纳米管轴向长度持续快速缩小，而径向收缩相对缓慢;形态不同的双壁碳纳米管收缩 速率也不相同。我们利用最近提出的表面纳米曲率效应和能量束诱导非热激活效应基础上新 发展的碳原子“融蒸”和“扩散”机制对上述电子束辐照下双壁碳纳米管结构不稳定现象进 行了全新、合理的解释。 关键词：材料学；双壁碳纳米管；电子束辐照非热激活；结构不稳定性；表面纳米曲率效应； 融蒸和扩散 中图分类号：TB383 In-situ observation of instability of double-walled carbon nanotube under electron beam irradiation GONG Huimin1,2, ZHU Xianfang1,2, LI Lunxiong1,2 (1. Physics Department,Xiamen University, FuJian XiaMen 361005; 2. China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Functional Nanomaterials,Xiamen University, FuJian XiaMen 361005) Abstract: Structural instabilities of double-walled carbon nanotube of two typical settings were in-situ investigated in transmission electron microscope at room temperature. It was observed that the double-walled carbon nanotube whose two ends were fixed shrank in its radial direction uniformly and then necked locally and broke finally; the double-walled carbon nanotube with a free capped end but the other fixed at a rope of nanotubes shrank quickly and continually in the axial direction while it shrank slowly in the radial direction. All experimental phenomena could be well accounted for by new concepts of vaporing and diffusing of carbon atoms as strongly driven by the surface nanocurvature effect as well as by the electron beam-induced athermal activation, which were underestimated or neglected in the existing theoretical description or simulation. Keywords: materialogy; double-walled carbon nanotube; electron beam-induced athermal activation; structural instability; surface nanocurvature effect ; vaporing and diffusingkey word 35 0 引言 作为新型一维纳米材料, 碳纳米管于 1991 年发现之初就被认为是碳家族中最具有发展 前景的成员之一[1]，然而碳管的一些自身特性却不利于其广泛的应用。为解决这一问题，人 们采取了一系列的改进措施，其中，电子束辐照是目前最有效的碳纳米管改性方法之一，但 40 同时电子束辐照在一定程度上也可能会破坏碳管的完整结构，导致碳纳米管表面形貌发