中山大学电路基础英文版课件Chapter6Capacitors and Inductors.ppt

CHAPTER 6  Capacitors and Inductors — Fundamentals of Electric circuit 　　　　　　　电路基础 6.1 INTRODUCTION capacitors and inductors are called storage elements 6.2 CAPACITORS Capacitance is the ratio of the charge on one plate of a capacitor to the voltage difference between the two plates, measured in farads (F) Since i = C dv/dt and C = 200 uF , we take the derivative of v to obtain 6.3 SERIES AND PARALLEL CAPACITORS * * A capacitor consists of two conducting plates separated by an insulator (or dielectric). Fig. 6.1 A typical capacitor +q -q v Figure 6.2 A capacitor with applied voltage v. Picofarad (pF), microfarad (uF) Note: according to the passive sign convention, current is considered to flow into the positive terminal of the capacitor when the capacitor is being charged, and out of the positive terminal when the capacitor is discharging. Fig. 6.3 Circuit symbols for capacitors a) fixed capacitor b) variable capacitor 1) i 与某时刻的v无关，与该时刻v的变化量有关（ 动态特性，动态元件， 隔直流，通交流）。 2）若i为有限值，v不能跃变（v的连续性）。 Capacitors that satisfy Eq.(6.4) are said to be linear For a nonlinear capacitor: (6.4) 起始电压v（t0）体现历史（记忆特性，记忆元件）（储存特性，储存原件） Slope = C dv/dt 0 Figure 6.6 Current-voltage relationship of a capacitor. i (t) v (t) v (t) C i (t) v (t) v (t0)=0 C v s =v (t0) 初始电压为v(t0)的电容可等效成一个vs = v(t0)的压源和一个初始电压为0而电容值相同的电容串联 1) 电容电压具有记忆性。 2）电流的连续性。 The important properties of a capacitor: 1. A capacitor is an open circuit to dc. 2. The voltage on a capacitor cannot change abruptly. Figure 6.7 Voltage across a capacitor: (a) allowed, (b) not allowable; an abrupt change is not possible. v t (a) v t (b) 3. The ideal capacitor does not dissipate energy (C是无损器件）. It takes power from the circuit when storing energy in its field and returns previously stored energy when delivering power to the circuit（无源器件）. 4. A real, nonideal capacitor has a parallel-model leakage resistance, as shown in Fig.6.8. Capacitance Figure 6.8 Circuit model of a nonideal capacitor. Example 6.1 (a) Ca