激光超声无损检测技术研究.docVIP

激光超声无损检测技术研究 摘 要 激光超声检测技术是利用激光脉冲照射样品表面，激发出超声波，并利用光学方法对超声波进行检测，从而实现对样品进行无损检测的一种方法。它随着现代科技和工业的发展，应用范围也越来越广。传统的无损检测方法有其局限性，在温度、压力较大或者具有放射性或腐蚀性的环境下就不能完全满足要求。而激光超声检测技术由于能够在短时间内不接触物体进行激光激励，所以，适合于环境复杂的检测环境，并具有极强的抗干扰能力。所以，激光超声技术在材料缺陷和性能的无损检测中发挥了超声检测的优势，其应用广泛。 本文首先对激光超声技术进行了阐述，并介绍了激光超声检测系统的组成，及各个部分的具体情况。然后，着重介绍了激光激励超声波的基本概念，包括波长，横波，纵波，声表面波，超声波，并举例了烧蚀效应作用下纵波、横波、平面波的波形示意图。另外介绍了常用激光器。 在此基础上，本文介绍了激光产生超声波的机理，着重介绍了热弹激发机理和烧蚀激发机理，并通过对热弹激发机理的温度场和应力场的分析，介绍了激光超声位移场理论。 本文进一步讲述了激光超声检测技术，着重讲了光偏转法中常见的刀口法、光干涉检测方法中的自差干涉以及外差干涉的原理和方法，并简要介绍了其他方法。 最后，介绍了激光超声技术在无损检测邻域的具体应用及存在的问题。 关键字：激光超声，无损检测，激光超声检测技术 Laser ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology research Abstract The laser-induced ultrasonic technique，which is based on the generation of ultrasonic by a laser and detection of stress wave with laser interferometry, and is an ideal combination of laser and ultrasonic for nondestructive testing, has also the advantage of noncontact, and has become very important in the nondestructive testing fields. The traditional nondestructive testing method has its limitations, which cannot completely meet the requirements in the large temperature, large pressure, radioactive or corrosive environment. Because the laser ultrasonic testing technology can not contact body for laser incentive in a short time, so it is suitable for complex testing environment, and has a strong anti-interference ability. Therefore, in material defects and properties of the nondestructive testing，laser ultrasound technology play the advantage of ultrasonic testing. This paper first describes the laser ultrasonic technique, and introduces the composition of the laser ultrasonic detection system, and various parts of the specific situation. Then focuses on the basic concept of ultrasonic laser incentive, including wavelength, transverse wave, longitudinal wave, surface acoustic wave, ultrasound wave, and an example of a waveform diagram of the ablation effect under longitudinal wave, transverse wave, plane wave. In addition it also