油罐底泥清洗技术研究现状与展望.docVIP

2013 年 3 月　第 32 卷 第 3 期  综  述  文章编号：1000-8241（2013）03-0229-07 油罐底泥清洗技术研究现状与展望 周利坤 武警工程大学军交运输系，陕西西安 710086 摘要：油罐底泥是在油品储存过程中，在罐底形成的一种又黑又稠的胶状物质层，因其含有苯系物、 酚类等有毒物质，不能直接排放。若不及时清除，将加速油罐底板的腐蚀，降低油罐的使用寿命，并 对罐内油品质量、有效容积等产生一定的负面影响。简要分析了油罐底泥的特性、危害、清洗年限及 费用；从清洗技术、清洗工艺及资源化处理技术等方面，归纳分析了国内外罐底油泥处理现状和发 展趋势；阐述了国内外在人工清洗、机械清洗及机器人清洗等方面的应用与研究现状；通过综合分 析，指出油罐底泥清洗技术将向密闭化、综合化、系统化、智能化的方向发展，油泥处理将向便捷化、 减量化、无害化、资源化方向发展。（表 4，图 1，参 51） 关键词：油罐；含油污泥；清洗；资源化；清洗机器人 中图分类号：TE992.4　　　　　文献标识码：A　　　 　doi：10.6047/j.issn.1000-8241.2013.03.001 Research status and prospect to the sludge cleaning technology of oil tank Zhou Likun Military Transportation Department, Engineering University of the Chinese Peoples Armed Police Force, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710086 Abstract:Tank sludge is a dark and dense gelatinous material layer formed on the tank bottom during oil storage. Due to containing BTEX, phenols and other toxic substances, it cannot be directly discharged. However, it will accelerate corrosion to the tank bottom plate so as to reduce service life of the oil tank and have some negative impacts on the tank oil quality and effective volume. Characteristics, hazards, cleaning cycles and costs of the tank sludge are analyzed simply. Inductive analysis on the status and development trend for tank sludge treatments worldwide is conducted on cleaning technologies, cleaning processes, recycling treatment technologies and other aspects. The application and research status worldwide on manual cleaning, mechanical cleaning, robot cleaning and other aspects are introduced. Through comprehensive analysis, it is proposed that the tank sludge cleaning technology will develop towards closing, integration, systematization and intelligence and sludge treatment will develop towards facilitation, reduction, harmlessness and recycling. (4 Tables, 1 Figure, 51 References) Key words: oil tank, oily sludge, cleaning, recycling, cleaning robot  石油在勘探、开采、运输、存储和炼制过程中会产 生大量油泥。油泥是一种组成极其复杂的混合物，主 要成分为石油、水、污泥等，当颗粒物粒径不小于74 μm 时，将其称为油砂，当颗粒物粒径小于