基于流域的生态补偿标准核算方法研究.pdfVIP

基于流域的生态补偿标准核算方法研究1 张惠远 王金南 刘桂环 文一惠 孟蕊 （环境保护部环境规划院 100012 北京） 摘 要：建立流域水环境保护生态补偿制度是当前国际和国内环境管理的发展方向，具有科 学依据的流域生态补偿标准确定方法既是资源环境领域的研究热点，也是环境管理工作中迫 切需要解决的技术难点。本文研究基于跨界流域上游对下游实施补偿、跨界流域下游对上游 实施补偿以及对水源地保护实施生态补偿三种类型，提出三种流域生态补偿标准测算方法， 即基于水质水量保护目标的流域生态补偿标准测算、基于生态保护成本和污染治理成本的流 域生态补偿标准测算以及基于发展机会成本的流域生态补偿标准测算，并选择东江流域开展 测算。以期为地方制定生态补偿标准提供参考，为我国建立科学合理的流域生态补偿政策提 供充足的依据。 关键词：流域 生态补偿标准 核算方法 东江流域 A Study on Compensation Scheme and Charge Rates in River-based Ecological Compensation Policy Program in China ZHANG Huiyuan WANG Jinnan LIU Guihuan WEN Yihui MENG Rui （Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning 100012 Beijing ） Abstract: Establishing the eco-compensation system of river basin environmental protection is the trend for the development of environmental management both abroad and domestic. To formulate the river basin eco-compensation accounting methods with a scientific basis is not the hot issue in the research field of natural resources and environment, but also is a difficult technical issues need to be resolved in environmental management. Based on the tree types of eco-compensation of upstream compensate for downstream in trans-jurisdictional river basin, downstream compensate for the upstream in trans-jurisdictional river basin, and eco-compensation for water sources protection, three types of eco-compensation methods are put forward in this paper. Specifically, the eco-compensation method based on targeting water quality and water quantity, the eco-compensation method set up with concern of the cost of ecological protection and pollution control, and the eco-compensation method based on opportunity cost, and the Dongjing river basin is chosen as the piloting program to carry o