新闻传播适度距离探析.pdfVIP

摘 要 新闻传播活动中客观存在着多种距离关系，真正意义上的“零距离”是不 存在的，也是不必要的。新闻活动中的距离主要表现在记者与事实、传播者与 受众、受众与新闻事实之间。记者与事实的各种距离关系影响记者对客观现实 世界的认识和反映，从而影响新闻报道的质量；而传播者与受众之间保持一定 的距离也是新闻传播实现引导受众和引导舆论功能的必要条件；同时，从受众 接受角度考虑，传播者在受众与新闻事实之间预设适度的距离也有利于受众更 理性的对待“拟态环境”，并满足其“期待视野”和审美需要。当然，距离必须 是适度的。 关键词：新闻传播；距离；适度 Abstract There are many relations of distances in the news communicating, that the “zero distance” dose not exist and is not necessary. They exist in news activities the distances between journalists and the facts; communicators and audience; audience and news acts. The relations between the journalist and the act affect the journalist’s acknowledgment and the reflection to the real world and further affect the quality of reporting; and keeping a distance between the communicators and audience is the necessary condition to lead the audience and public opinion.; meantime from the audience setting the adequate distances between the audience and communicators is favorable to the audience to reasonably face the pseudo-environment and to satisfy the needs for the “expecting sight” and aesthetics. Off course the distances should be adequate. Key words: News communicating; distances; adequate 目 录 前 言 1 第1 章 记者与事实的适度距离 3 1.1 时间距离 4 1.1.1 常态时间距离—— 由过去时无限逼近现在时 4 1.1.2 将来时——预测性、预告性新闻的合理性 6 1.1.3 策划新闻——危险的超前 8 1.1.4 时效性与真实性的考量 9 1.2 空间距离 11 1.2.1 空间距离与采访方式 11 1.2.2 空间距离与新闻叙事视角 12 1.2.3 空间距离与记者的认知 13 1.2.4 介入事实的风险 16 1.3 心理距离 17 1.3.1 情感与理性的搏弈 18 1.3.2 与消息来源保持心理距离的必要性 21 第2 章 传播者与受众的适度距离 23 2.1 传播者必须在心理上贴近受众 23 2.2 传播者必须与受众保持一定的距离 25 2.2.1 正确对待受众的“欲知”和“应知”