关于汉代官员致仕问题的历史考察.pdfVIP

摘 要 我国官员致仕的传统源远流长，先秦已有官员致仕的实例。汉代官员致仕相 对有了较大的发展，对后世产生了重要的影响。 由于汉代中央集权的加强、选官制的完善、学校教育的兴盛以及现实的需要 等因素，官员致仕制度在汉代得以初步创立。广大官员因为年老、疾病、对政局 不满、避祸、退位让贤、父母生病或去世等原因，向朝廷提出致仕请求。其中部 分官员得到朝廷的同意从而顺利致仕，还有一些官员则不被同意致仕而继续任 职，也有少数官员致仕以后又重新入仕。 汉代官员的致仕待遇，包括政治待遇、经济待遇和丧葬待遇三个方面。政治 待遇主要是加官晋阶、恩荫子孙及特殊礼遇。经济待遇则是赐给致仕俸禄和钱物。 丧葬待遇主要是赐给丧葬钱物，给官员追封谥号，让他们的子孙袭爵等。汉代官 员致仕以后或许返回家乡，或许留住京师，又或许返回封国，情况各不相同。 汉代官员致仕只是致仕制度的初创阶段，主要限于高级官员，在致仕年龄上、 待遇上都表现了极大的随意性，执行得很不严格。但是官员致仕在官职条件和待 遇上有了相应的规定，致仕官员人数也有所增加，相对有了比较大的发展。汉代 的官员致仕，对当时的政治和社会有一定的积极意义，也为后世的致仕制度提供 了重要借鉴。 关键词： 汉代；官员致仕；原因；待遇；评价 Abstract Chinese official retirement has a long history, which could be traced back into Pre-Qin period. The official retirement has a relatively greater development in Han Dynasty, which has an important impact on future generations. Because of the strengthen of centralization, the improvement of the election official system, the rise of school education as well as the practical needs, the official retirement system have founded initially during the Han Dynasty. The majority of officials proposed retirement request to the imperial court as a result of their old age, disease, dissatisfaction with the political situation, avoiding the disaster, discontent to the political situation, giving the opportunity to the elite people, parental illness or death and some other reasons. Some officials got the consent, and then they retired smoothly. However, some officials weren’t agreed to retire, so they continued to be in office. There were also some officials, who reheld posts again after they have retired. The treatment of the retired officials included political, economic and funeral treatment. The political treatment had three respects: being promoted to a higher office and rank;