中俄东三省交收谈判(1900-1901).pdfVIP

论文摘要 中东铁路是俄国经营东三省的重要标志。光绪二十六年，中国发生义和团事 变，俄国乘铁路遭破坏之机，派军占据东三省。既而以此为要挟，提出苛刻的条 约，胁迫清廷签订以换取俄国的撤军。俄国的举动引起英、日等国的不安，尤其 是日本，因此向中国提出警告，并以瓜分相威胁，阻止订约。对此，国内意见也 不一致。主持交涉的李鸿章担心拒约会引起俄国与中国决裂，主张与之即刻订约。 而刘坤一、张之洞等东南督抚起而请求清廷拒约，以为此约订则东三省无异为俄 人所有，列强必群起瓜分。这一派人又深受英、日之影响，持论更坚定。双方争 持不下。盛宣怀向清廷提出一个中间性的建议，认为可以借列强之干涉，将条款 删改妥当之后，即与俄国订立，以为两全之地。这成为清廷的基本对策，虽然仍 有过游移。条款由俄国作了一次不充分的修改，但列强仍未满意，仍旧警告中国 不要画押。清廷求助列强无望，最终在内外压力之下，拒绝在约稿上画押。交涉 至此中断。 关键词：中俄关系 东三省 谈判 李鸿章、张之洞、刘坤一、盛宣怀、列强、拒 约 Abstract Tsarist Russia begun to build a railway in Manchuria from the year of 1986, that is a big signal of Russian invading this area. In 1900,a rebellion called Yi-He-Tuan raised in China, while the railway were striking by the rebel, Russian sent a army into Manchuria in the name of protecting railway, but its real purpose is to occupy this area. After occupying, Russian drafted a treaty that Chinese sovereignty was violated very seriously, and threaten Chinese government must agree this treaty as a condition of Russian withdrawing the army from Manchuria. Russian ’s requirement caused a conflict with other big powers, especially Japan, they gave Chinese government a warning to stop signing the treaty, and made a statement that they would divide the territory of China if treaty was signed. In Chinese government, there were different political groups who argued if the treaty should be signed or not. Li-Hong-Zhang who in charge of this negotiation asserted that treaty must be signed , to avoid the break-up between Russia and China. But the governor of some southeastern provinces, like Liu Kun-Yi and Zhang Zhi-Dong, were against signing the treaty. They thought that China would be divided by big powers, if treaty was signed. And they insisted this argument after English and Japanese made statements. The government couldn’t decide the treaty