高中生复杂问题解决的思维特征研究.pdfVIP

论 文 摘 要 “怎样提高学生的问题解决能力”一直是国内外教育界关注的重大问题。让 学生掌握思维技能、学会解决问题，也是教师在新课程改革的教学中期望达到的 最重要目标。 复杂问题解决（Complex Problem Solving）是问题解决 自然发展的产物， 但其在高中化学学科内的研究仍旧匮乏。 复杂问题解决离不开思维活动。本文尝试以中学化学复杂问题为媒介，对优 等生和中等生解决复杂问题的思维特征进行实证性的比较研究，以揭示其思维规 律。 本研究包含两部分的研究内容，分别是： （1）采用问卷调查的形式对学优生与中等生展开复杂问题解决状态的调查研 究 （2）通过测试法和出声思维法对学优生与中等生在复杂问题解决中思维过程 进行比较研究，揭示学优生与中等生在复杂问题解决中思维特征的差异及思维能 力发展变化趋势。 通过研究得出以下结论： （1）学优生与中等生在复杂问题解决的过程中思维的确存在显著的差异。 差异主要体现在思维的敏捷性、逻辑推理能力、归纳能力、思维策略选择等方面。 （2）在思维能力的发展上，中等生比学优生的提高更明显。 研究表明：在教学中，教师如果能恰当地发展学生的思维能力，帮助学生掌 握一定的思维技能，的确能提高学生解决问题的能力，从而提高教学的针对性和 实效性。 关键词： 复杂问题 问题解决 思维特征 ABSTRACT How to improve students’ ability to solve problems is really one of the educators’ concerns both nationally and internationally. And instructing students how to think and solve problems is also one of the teachers’ goals during the new curriculum reform. CPS (Complex Problem Solving) is an outgrowth of the research on problem-solving. However, it is obvious that we are still lacking in further research on CPS in the field of teaching and learning of chemistry in high schools. Problem solving is closely related to thinking. Based on the comparative research on the characteristics of thinking of top students and medium students, this paper, which focuses on CPS in chemistry learning in high schools, is intended to show different ways of thinking. The contents of this paper are as follows: (1) A survey based upon a questionnaire, which indicates the state of thinking while top students and medium students are solving complex problems; (2) A comparative research on the process of thinking through tests and