互联网与虚拟社区.pdfVIP

社会学研究 2003 年第 5 期 互联网与虚拟社区 刘 　瑛 　杨伯溆 　　Abstract : It is well known that media have great impact on community life. As a new medium , Internet possesses all the qualities and characters that traditional media have. At the same time , Internet demonstrates many unique features. This means that its impact on community life may be very different. This paper argues that the interactive communications through Internet is as significant as the facetoface interaction. Moreover , the Internet communication is capable of creating virtual communities that not only facilitate connections but also provide supports for their members. Thus , the Internet has not only the potential to promote isolation among people in real life (face to face) but also the capability to construct a virtual community that is detached from the real life. The point is , while the relationship among people in real life is gradually fading away , the relationship among people in virtual life becomes more and more significant. This means the possibility that virtual community will eventually replace face to face community in the future. 　　作为一种新兴的传播媒介 ,互联网融会了传统媒介的所有传播特点 , 同时又具有许多独特性 ,诸如 信息的可储存和再现性 、多方同时可及性 、匿名性 、开放性等等 。正因为此 ,互联网对现实社区生活的影 响与传统传播媒介有了本质上的不同。本文认为通过互联网的传播与面对面的传播一样是真正的互 动 ,并且这种互动也能够产生真正的社区 ,从而为成员提供真正意义上的社区联系和支持 , 因此互联网 不仅进一步疏远了现实社区中人们之间的交往和联系 ,而且还构建出了一个完全脱离于现实社区之外 的虚拟社会空间 ,从而人们之间的现实社会联系愈发萎缩直至变成虚拟的社会关系 ,最终现实社区将为 虚拟社区所取代 。 一 、社区关系是从互动之中产生的 传统的社区定义注重地缘或血缘关系 ,新的社区定义认为社区的界限不应受地理位置的限制 ,应该 看到 ,无论是传统社区还是新出现社区的形式都是与人们之间的互动紧密相联的。没有互动就不可能 ( ) ( ) 形成任何群体和组织 ,更不用说社区。施拉姆说 : “传播 communication 一词与社区 community 一词有