格尔兹的仪式观及其对文学研究的意义.pdfVIP

论 文 摘 要 克利福德·格尔兹是解释人类学的代表人物。他的阐释理论中的“深描”和 “地方性知识”成为人类学领域里的重要概念。而他的仪式理论也意义深远，对 文学研究具有独特的借鉴意义。 在格尔兹看来，文化是一种象征系统，一种通过符号在历史上代代相传的意 义模式，而仪式则是这个文化体系的象征。在仪式中，生存世界与想象世界借助 单一一组象征符号得到融合，变成同一个世界，从而使人们的现实感产生了独特 转变。仪式是一个转换，象征世界与实在世界的转换,此岸与彼岸之间的转换。 同时，仪式也成为一种通向虚拟的社会结构的“召唤”。 对仪式的解读成为人们 理解社会内部结构的途径。仪式一方面体现着文化的意义，一方面又是具体行为 的实践。仪式提供了当地人解释和实践其世界观、宇宙观的认知框架，承载着社 区人民生活的特定意义，因而是文化解码的最好文本。 格尔兹的仪式理论有强大的解释功能，给文学研究提供了新的资源。仪式作 为的“文化表演”的象征性与符号性特质是理解文学中仪式描写的关键，同时也 与文学本质相关连。把仪式理解为生存世界与想象世界的融合，理解为此岸与彼 岸之间的转换，也为我们理解文学的本质特性提供了借鉴。其独特的视角“地方 性知识”和“文化持有者的内部眼界”拓宽了文学研究的视野，推动了文学的比 较研究。而“深描”的描写手段既是文学创作手法之一，又是文学研究的理解方 式。 关键词：格尔兹，象征符号，仪式，文化表演，地方性知识，深描，文化持有 者的内部眼界 ABSTRACT Clifford Geertz is seen as an outstanding representative of interpretative anthropologies. His theories on thick description and local knowledge become important concepts in the field of anthropology. His ritual theory has far-reaching and unique significances for literature research. Culture is a symbolic system and a meaningful model of symbols, which adopted from generation to generation in history. The ritual is the symbol of cultural system. During rituals, the living world is connected with the symbolic world by a set of single symbols, so that people change their senses on reality. It can be read as a conversion form living world to symbolic world and from the side to the other side. At the same time, it becomes the call to a virtual social structure, which help us understand social structure. Ritual embodies the cultural significances. It is a practice of specific acts. Ritual provides the cognitive framework of the universe and carries forward the specific meaning of people’s community lives, so it is the best text for decoding culture. Geertzs ritual theory has a strong function for explaining and provides new resources for literature Research. It presents as cultural performa