从贯休和齐己看晚唐僧诗.pdfVIP

从贯休和齐己看晚唐僧诗 王 顺 ［摘 要］晚唐诗僧的存世作品多寡悬殊，贯休存诗 700余首，齐己存诗 800 余首，而其他诗僧多则十几、二十余首，少则一、二首。就当时贯休、齐己在 诗坛和佛门的声望、地位而言，他们无疑是晚唐诗僧中的代表人物。贯休的诗 歌哭笑骂，横放杰出，不畏权贵，直言不讳。形式上不拘一格，突破常规。用 词不避俗言，豪放不羁。诗中有胆有识，不负“果僧中之一豪也”的评语。齐 己爱诗成癖，又澹泊名利。其诗清润平淡，亦复高远冷峭。与贯休张扬、外向 的性格不同，齐己含蓄、内敛。齐己诗在表现世俗社会的同时，又始终与世俗 社会保持着一定的距离。晚唐之际，南禅盛行，出现了诗僧这一特殊阶层。南 禅思想向士大夫阶层渗透，儒家思想也在影响着诗僧。他们的作品中有很多批 评社会、治世救民的内容。同时，晚唐僧诗中开始出现南禅独特的思想。就诗 歌艺术而言，这些诗比前代僧人作品有很大提高，但在审美方面它们却没有多 少禅悟意味和深刻哲理。它们甚至还不及唐代那些参禅文人的作品，只是为宋 代禅理诗的发展作了筚路蓝缕的实践。 ［Abstract ］The numbers of the poems written by the Late Tang Dynasty Buddhist monks which exist nowadays are much different. Guan Xiu owned more than 700 poems and Qi Ji owned over 800 ones. Others owned ten to twenty or just one or two. Considering the status and prestige, Guan Xiu and Qi Ji must have been the representative figures in the Buddhist monks who could write poems in the Late Tang Dynasty. The poems written by Guan Xiu were spoken without reservation. They were bold and unconstrained. The forms of them were not limited to certain types and often broke the routine. The words he used also included the folk sayings. The poems showed his courage and knowledge, He accorded with the comment: “one of the heroes in the monks”. Qi Ji had a specially favourite hobby about the poems and took less care about the money and status. His poems were pure, limpid, light, noble and biting cold. In contrast with Guan Xiu’s extrovert character, Qi Ji’s was introvert. His poems displayed the secular society. But at the meanwhile, he also kept a distance from it. The South Zen became very popular in the Late Tang Dynasty. The Buddhist poets had formed a special stratum. The thoughts of the South Zen had infiltrated int o 3 the scholar-officials stratum and the thoughts of Confucius had infiltrated into