专利法的价值变迁与重构.pdfVIP

摘要 专利制度的前提是用个体竞争者获取专利的过程实现社会总目标。它从诞生之日起便 承载了促进科技进步和社会发展的社会目标，具有很强的政策工具属性。然而，随着科学 技术不断发展和商人群体的努力推动，专利权实现了 “特权”到 “权利”的话语转变。这 一转变使得专利的私权属性不断强化，政策工具属性却逐渐被淡化。受独占论指导的现代 专利制度，过度强调私权保护的崇高，淡化了专利的独占垄断本质，进而忽视了专利制度 社会目标的实现，扰乱了专利价值体系的平衡，损害了专利法的效益价值和正义价值。借 助工具论的指导，让专利回归“特权”定 ，为其设定内在的、终其一生的附随义务—— 以不损害特权最初授予目的之方式行使这种特权，对其限定。如此，专利制度有关激励创 新的价值追求、促进传播的价值追求能够得以确定、恰当的保障，专利权人的自由和社会 公众的自由得以恰当平衡，法律的自由价值和效率价值得以归 ，专利法多元价值目标的 协调与平衡将重新实现。 关键词：专利法 价值 变迁 重构 独占论 工具论 I Abstract The premise of the patent system is to attain social goals by individual competitors’ obtaining the patent. Thepatent systemwas born with the social goal ofpromoting scientific progress and socialdevelopment, acting as apolicy instrument.However,with the continuous developmentofscienceandtechnology aswell asthe greatpromotion ofthebusinessmen,the patentrighthasexperiencedthechangesfrom privilege to right .Owingtothischanges, “ ” “ ” the private property ofthe Patent Right has been strengthenedwhile the instrumentalism of it has been weakened. The modern patent system, guidedby the monopolization, has enthroned theprotection oftheprivaterightbutweakeneditsmonopolynature,ignoredtherealizationof the social goals, disrupted the balance in the system of the patent values and damaged the effectiveness andintegrityvalues ofthepatent law.With the guidance ofthe instrumentalism, the patent right will return to its position as “ privilege” and the inherent as well as everlastingcollateralobligationwillbe setforitdefiningtherightby executingtheprivilege without damaging the objectives endowed initially. In this way, the value pursuits for stimulating innovation and promoting communication regarding the patent system could be properly guaranteed. In addition, the freedom of patentees and that of the public could