职业流动与工资不平等外文翻译.docVIP

外文翻译 原文 Occupational Mobility and Wage Inequality Material Source：Review of Economic Studies Author：Gueorgui Kambourov In this article we argue that wage inequality and occupational mobility are intimately related. We are motivated by our empirical findings that human capital is occupation specific and that the fraction of workers switching occupations in the U.S. was as high as 16% a year in the early 1970’s and had increased to 21% by the mid-1990’s.We develop a general equilibrium model with occupation-specific human capital and heterogeneous experience levels within occupations. We find that the model, calibrated to match the level of occupational mobility in the 1970’s, accounts quite well for the level of (within group) wage inequality in that period. Next, we find that the model, calibrated to match the increase in occupational mobility, accounts for over 90% of the increase in wage inequality between the 1970’s and the 1990’s. The theory is also quantitatively consistent with the level and increase in the short-term variability of earnings. INTRODUCTION Despite an active search for the reasons behind the large increase in (within-group) wage inequality in the U.S. over the last 30 years, identifying the culprit has proved elusive. In this paper we suggest that the increase in the variability of productivity shocks to occupations, coupled with the endogenous response of workers to this change, can account for most of the increase in within-group wage inequality. Several facts, documented in detail in Section 2, characterize the changes in wage inequality in the U.S. from the early 1970’s to the mid-1990’s. (1) Inequality of hourly wages has increased over the period—the variance of logs has increased from 0·225 to 0·354, or 57%, while the Gini coefficient has increased from 0·258 to 0·346, or 34%.(2) Most of the increase in wage inequality was due to rising inequality within narrowly defined age–education subgroups.(3) The increase in wage inequality reflects