环境变化的管理过程壁垒和机遇外文翻译.docVIP

外文翻译 Managing the Environmental Change Process: Barriers and Opportunities Material Source: Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 7 Iss: 4, pp.64 - 81 ，1994 　　Author: James E. Post and Barbara W. Introduction Business organizations, large and small, are wrestling with the pressures of environmental performance (Kolluru, 1993). Changes in business operations have been occurring throughout the modern environmental era, but incremental adjustments are no longer sufficient; whole new ways of manufacturing and managing natural resources are emerging to accommodate environmental requirements. Conceptualizing organizational purpose in terms of sustainable economic and environmental performance signals a major shift in thinking about the impact and significance of ecological factors. What were once viewed as by-products of industrial progress are now seen as societal problems (and global problems at that) so profound as to warrant industrial restructuring if that is required to solve the environmental problem. In the face of such trends, companies, their employees, and especially their managers, are faced with the enormous practical and conceptual challenge of transforming today’s organizations into economically and environmentally sustainable enterprises. This article addresses that challenge and discusses the various barriers to change that have been identified in the companies we have studied. These barriers are analysed with a view to defining more precisely and categorizing the nature of the challenges involved, and discussing the practical actions necessary to overcome those barriers. 1 The Drivers of Change The importance of environmental matters is reinforced by the multitude of signals that send the message to business.Three distinct forms of environmentalism appeared between the 1970s and the 1990s, each emphasizing a different mixture of legal,market,and value-based or ethical considerations.Compliance-based environmentalism. Hundreds of statutes, adm