能力，财富和出口商品结构外文翻译.docVIP

外文翻译 原文 Capabilities，Wealth and the Export-Mix Material Source: Eocn 365 International Trade workshop Author：John Sutton Daniel leifler What is the relationship between a country’s mix of exports，and the country’s wealthOr，if we consider some particular product，what determines the set of countries for which it is a relatively important exportQuestions of this kind have attracted ongoing attention in the literature from Michaely(1984)，to Lall，Weissand Zhang(2006),and Hausmann,Hwang,and Rodrik(2007).(See also Chenery(1960)and Leamer(1984)on ladders of development more generally.)These authors proceed by examining the average gdp per cap of(major)exporters of each good.The point of departure of the present paper lies in the observation that the range of countries producing any specific good，in terms of countries’ gdp per capita，is usually very wide.This has been documented by Schoot(2004，2008) and Khandelwal(for the coming ).This can be seen as reflecting two contributory effects.The first is‘aggregation’:i.e.it merely reflects an overly broad definition of a‘good’or an‘industry’. The second is that different producers across this range differ in‘quality’.We argue that the latter contribution is substantial and possibly dominant–and so we set out to examine how this range of producers emerges endogenously within a‘Quality Competition’model. Such models form the basis of the recent literature on Quality and Trade，which emphasizes the role of productivity and quality(in whatever basket of goods the country produces)as the driver of cross-country differences in gdp per capita.One aim of the present paper is to show how a country’s capabilities i.e.，its productivity and quality levels in each good， simultaneously determines both the mix of goods it produces and exports，and its level of　gdp per capita. In the recent literature on‘Quality and Trade’，it is widely assumed that higher quality　is monotonically related to(positively correlated with)higher markups and higher mark