澳大利亚、新西兰华文教育比较研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 澳大利亚、新西兰华文教育的发展与华人移民史紧密相连。“白澳”、“白新”政策期间， 华人深受歧视和迫害，澳、新华人人数日益减少，华文教育也因此晚至 20 世纪初才出现， 而且发展缓慢。 战前澳大利亚、新西兰华文教育具有以下特点：华文学校少，办学规模小，华商资助 办学，由于缺乏师资和经费，学校时办时停。 战后，国际格局发生了巨大变化，中国国际地位不断提高，澳大利亚、新西兰逐步修 改了移民政策，引发了新一轮华人移民热潮，华文教育也随之迅速发展，呈现新的特点： 华文学校数量增加、办学力量多元化、招生规模扩大、师资相对稳定、经费增多、课程丰 富多样。但是，“两教一资”问题——教师、教材和资金问题仍然突出。 澳大利亚、新西兰是华人移民的新热点，两国华人移民历程相似，研究其华文教育并 进行比较，有利于澳、新两国华文教育未来的发展，有利于华人和谐融入当地社会，促进 华人社会发展，增进中澳、中新友谊。 本文以澳大利亚、新西兰华人移民的历史变化为线索，运用历史分析法和比较分析法， 深入研究了澳、新华文教育的发展状况，并分析其发展趋势。 关键词：澳大利亚 新西兰 华文教育 I ABSTRACT The development of Chinese education in Australia and New Zealand was closely connected with the history of Chinese immigrants. During the implementing of the “White Australian Policy” and the “white New Zealander Policy”, the Chinese immigrants suffered from discrimination and persecution, so the sum of the Chinese immigrants decreased dramatically, and Chinese education was not carried out until in the early 20th century. Furthermore,it developed very slowly. Before the World War II ,Chinese education in Australia and New Zealand had the following characteristics:Chinese schools being numerically small and of small scale. The Chinese schools being sponsored entirely by the Chinese Australian merchants. Due to lack of teachers and funds, the Chinese schools being run by spells. After the World War II, the international situation had undergone great changes, and China improved her international status constantly, so Australia and New Zealand gradually revised the “Restricting Immigrant Act”, which triggered off a new wave of Chinese immigrants. Thereby, Chinese education had also flourished, showing some new features: a large number of Chinese sc