角膜疾病应用基础研究的现状和策略.pdfVIP

眼科 2005 年第 14 卷第 3 期 　Op ht halmol CHN , 2005 , Vol 14 , No 3 137 ·专家述评 · 角膜疾病应用基础研究的现状和策略 谢立信 　王宜强 　　【摘要】　我国在角膜应用基础研究的层次和规模方面尚与国际先进水平存在差距 ,缺少意义重大 、思路创新 、促进学科 发展的研究 。除外部因素 ,眼科研究人员本身亦应对本专业的现状 、进展 、发展趋势等有基本了解 ,才能促进新理论 、新观点、 新技术的产生 。本文围绕角膜上皮干细胞 、基质内抗原提呈细胞 、角膜内皮细胞三种重要细胞以及角膜感染 、营养不 良和移 植失功三种重要病理过程 ,结合国内外的研究现状 ,分析我国角膜病基础研究领域可拓展的方向和策略 。 【关键词】　角膜细胞 ;角膜病变 ;策略 【中图分类号】　R772 2 　　【文献标识码】　A 　　【文章编号】(2005) 030 13703 Strategy of corneal diseases application basic study/ X I E L ix in / / Op ht hal m ol CHN 2 005 , 14 ( 3) 13 7～ 139 ( S han dong Ey e ) I ns tit ute , Qing dao 2 660 71 , China Corresponding aut hor :XIE Lixin ,Email :lixinxie @public . qd . sd . cn 【Abstract 】　The understanding of p hysiology ,p at hology and p at hogenesis of corneal diseases are furt hered by study of limbal stem cells ,stromal antigen presenting cells (A PC) and endot helial cells ,t hough many questions are still op en to discussion . Contrast to previous assumption ,corneas ,esp ecially t he stromal layer ,host a large number of dendritic cells ,monocytes and macrop hages t hat could initiate sp ecific immune response to invading and captured p at hogens. Conventional corneal keratocytes are cap able of differentiating into functional A PC. The existence of adequate number and various typ es of A PC ensure effective initiation of immune response to for eign antigens in corneas. The corneal endot helial cells ,however ,play more important role in maintaining t he homeostasis of corneas or when challenged wit h nonp at hogenic factors ,as in t he case of p enetrating keratoplasty . So far not much is known wit h t he mechanism of chronological decrease of endot helial cells. Corneal dystrop hy is anot her disorder wit h which not much is known about t he p at hogen esis t hough epidemiological surveys implied several diseasecausing genes. The