植物与其它有机体的化学作用——潜在的有害生物控制途径.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2007,40(4):712-720 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 植物与其它有机体的化学作用—潜在的有害生物控制途径 孔垂华 （中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所，沈阳 110016） 摘要：植物与其它有机体种间存在着通过次生物质为媒介的化学作用，这些化学作用在农业生态系统中则表 现为植物对有害生物的化学防御。面对动物取食、微生物侵染和其它植物竞争，植物能合成释放特定的次生物质 抵御侵害。而且，植物这种对有害生物的化学防御机制常常是在侵害条件下诱导产生的。当前的研究显示，作物/ 害虫/天敌三营养食物链也有自然的种间化学作用关系操纵，作物和杂草种间除了有相互抑制的化感作用外，还存 在着通过次生物质进行的信息传递关系。揭示并充分利用植物这种内在的化学防御机制不仅能拓宽认识植物与其 它有机体种间关系的视野，而且能开拓植物保护的新途径。 关键词：植物；种间作用；化学防御；种间次生物质；化感作用；有害生物控制 Chemical Interactions Between Plant and Other Organisms: A Potential Strategy for Pest Management KONG Chui-hua (Institute of Applied Ecology , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016) Abstract: There are chemical interactions manipulated by plant secondary metabolites between plant and other organisms, which act as plant chemical defense on pests in cropping ecosystems. Under herbivore, infestation and competition, plants may turn on the defense mechanism producing and releasing allelochemicals to resist or inhibit the pests. Furthermore, the chemical mechanism of plant defense may be induced under pest stress. Recent studies have showed that there are manipulating interactions through allelochemicals in tri-trophic systems that include host plants, herbivores, and parasitoids or predators. Besides allelopathy between crops and weeds, chemical recognition and information transfer may occur among inter-and intra-plant species. Clarification of chemical interactions between plant and other organisms not only broadens the insight of species interactions, but also develops new strategy for pest management. This paper reviewed prospects for application in plant protection using chemical interactions between plant and other organisms.