降解秸秆的真菌促进玉米苗期生长.pdf

860 第三届全国农业环境科学学术研讨会论文集 2009 年 10 月 降解秸秆的真菌促进玉米苗期生长 9 刘保平，王宏燕 （东北农业大学资源与环境学院，寒地黑土资源利用与保护实验室，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150030） 摘 要: 为了研究微生物降解秸秆促进秸秆还田，从土壤中分离了可降解秸秆的真菌，盆栽法试验了接种这些真菌对 玉米发芽和苗期生长的影响。用秸秆钓取分离法分离可降解秸秆的真菌，用秸秆粉培养基定性鉴别法验证可降解秸 秆的真菌；用小麦培养基繁殖这些真菌并制作成真菌接种剂，用这些真菌接种剂接种黑土后装盆，用盆栽法播种玉 米，测定玉米发芽率和苗期生物量；用 SPSS 统计分析软件分析数据。分离实验结果得到可降解秸秆的真菌 56 株， 盆栽试验结果表明：八株真菌 F6、F7、F9、F11、F16、F17、F18 和 F36 可显著（P ＜0.05，后同）降低玉米发芽率， 其中极显著两株为 F6 和 F36，分别降低 45.0%和 32.5%；真菌 F36 同时也显著降低单株生物量，降低率为 48.0%；两 株真菌 F5 和 F45 可显著提高玉米苗期单株生物量，分别提高 35.0%和 48.0%。真菌 F5 和 F45 经鉴定分别为 Fusarium sp.和 Trichoderma sp.。结论：降解秸秆丝状真菌 Fusarium sp.(F5)和 Trichoderma sp(F45)显著促进玉米苗期生长。 关键词：秸秆；降解；真菌；分离；玉米；苗期生长 Fungi that Could Degrade Stalks Promote Seedling Growth of Maize LIU Bao-ping，WANG Hong-yan (Resources and Environmental Sciences College, Northeast Agricultural University, Laboratory for Black Soil Resources Utilization and Protection in Frigid Zone, Harbin 150030, China) Abstract: In the research of microbial degradation of stalks to promote stalks return to field, fungi that could degrade stalks were isolated from soil，effects of inoculation with the fungi on the seedling growth of maize were tested by the method of pots experiments. Fungi that could degrade stalks were isolated by the method named Stalk-Fishing, the degradation capability was estimated by the colony growth on the media made of stalk power; media made of wheat kernels were used to grow the fungi to make inoculants, the inoculants were mixed with the soil and divided into the pots, pots were used to seed maize seeds, germination and biomass of the maize seedling were measured; the analysis software SPSS were used to analysis the data. The results of the isolation experiments were attainments of the 56 strains of fungi that could degrade stalks. The results o