淡水龙虾螯结构及力学性能研究.pdfVIP

中国科技论文在线 淡水龙虾螯的结构及力学性能的研究∗ 周飞，吴志威 （1．南京航空航天大学高新技术研究院 南京，210016 ；） 摘要：本文用X射线衍射仪、场发射电子显微镜和能谱仪分别分析和观察了龙虾螯的微观 结构和成份，并用纳米压痕仪和UMT-2摩擦磨损实验机测量了龙虾螯的硬度和摩擦学特 性。结果表明：龙虾螯含有Ca、Mg 、C、O和Na等元素，以非晶的矿物质相存在。在螯的 表面存在微小凹坑和半圆微凸起，在凹坑内和微凸起周围有刚毛，刚毛上有小刺，呈非光 滑表面。螯被分为上表皮、外表皮和内表皮，其外表皮层和内表皮层是由螺旋夹板层构成。 螯的表面硬度和弹性模量分别为0.27GPa 和5.28GPa 。随着横截面距离的增大，龙虾螯的硬 度和弹性模量逐渐降低，存在明显的力学性能梯度。当热处理温度低于200ºC 时，螯的硬 度和弹性模量变化不大，随后逐渐增加。在水润滑条件下，螯/氮化硅摩擦副的摩擦因数大 于其干摩擦下的摩擦因数。该研究为抗压复合材料和抗摩表面的设计提供仿生学依据。 关键词：龙虾螯;力学性能;仿生复合材料;摩擦性能 中图分类： 文献标识码： Structure and mechanical properties of pincers for freshwater lobster Zhou Fei, Wu Zhiwei (Academy of Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing , 210016, China) Abstract: The mineral phases and structure of pincer for the freshwater lobster were analyzed and observed by using X-ray diffraction and field-emission scanning electronic microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy, and the mechanical properties of pincer were determined by using nano-indenter and micro-tribometer. The results showed that the pincers contained Ca，Mg ，C，O and Na etc elements, and there were many amorphous mineral phases in the lobster pincers. There were many concave hollows and convex domes with seta on the surface of pincer, and some spines were observed on the surface of seta, which exhibited non-smooth surface. The exoskeleton of pincer consisted of epicuticle, exocuticle and endocuticle, and the microstructure of exocuticle and endocuticle displayed the twisted plywood structure with chitin–protein fibers. The mean hardness and elastic modulus on the surface of fresh pincers were 0.27GPa and 5.28 GPa, respectively. With an increase in