木兰科植物系统学研究进展.docVIP

木兰科植物系统学研究进展* 王亚玲1，崔铁成1，张寿洲2 （1西安植物园，西安710061；2仙湖植物园，深圳518004） 摘 要：木兰科为一个原始古老的植物类群，对研究被子植物的起源和早期演化有重要的意义。由于分布范围广及美洲、亚洲的温带、亚热带和热带，存在较多的性状交叉和形态变异，在属的界限和种的确定上有较大的争议。形态解剖学和分子系统学研究成果表明：木莲属、含笑属均为相对一致的类群，而木兰属为一个多系起源的趋同演化的类群，其中含笑属与玉兰亚属的亲缘关系较近，木兰亚属有许多趋异和趋同演化类型，其种间系统发育关系不准确可能是导致木兰科属间界限不清的根源所在。单种属、寡种属多为过渡或进化的类群，它们被归并的证据也越来越多。本文从传统分类学入手，结合现代分子系统学研究成果，对属间关系及传统的分类性状存在的问题进行了探讨，试图为木兰科的分类研究提供一些帮助。 关键词 ：木兰科；系统；分类 The Studying Progress of Classification in Magnoliaceae W ang Yaling1,Cui Tiecheng1,Zhang Shouzhou2 (1 Xi’an Botanical Garden, Xi’an 710061;2 Shenzhen Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen 518004) Abstract: As a primitive group, Magnoliaceae was very important for the research of angiosperm phylogeny. In view of the wide distribution from temperate, subtropic to tropic zone in America and Asia, as well as the extensive homogeneity, the taxonomic treatment in the family had been controversial with regard to the delimitation of genera, sections and species. The results from morphological anatomy and molecular systematics suggested : Manglietia and Michelia were consistent groups respectively; Magnolia was a polyphyletic and convergent genus; Subgenus Yulania was closely related to Michelia, and subgenus Magnolia had many convergent and divergent species. The inexact position of species within subgenus Magnolia could result in the controversial phylogenetic relationship in Magnoliaceae. Many monotypic and oligotypic genera ，which were in intermediate or evolutionary state，were proposed to be combined as more and more evidences. The relationship between genera and the taxonomic characters were discussed based on the results of traditional taxonomy and modern molecular systematics. Key word: Magnoliaceae；phylogeny；taxonomy 木兰科(Magnoliaceae)被认为是被子植物中的原始类群，全世界有15属246余种，主要分布于北半球的亚洲东南部、北美东南部及中美，以靠近北回归线南北10度为最多，少数种类分布至南半球。我国有木兰科植物11属，约99种。主要分布在云南、广西和广东等省（区）[1]。木兰科多数种类树形优美，花色鲜艳，为传统的绿化及庭院栽培植物。因其对研究被子植物起源演化及系统发育具有重要价值，在分类上占有重要地位。 木兰科由A.L.Jussiu（1789）首先提出并作为广义的木兰科名称使用。J.Hutchinson（1959）