电气工程及其自动化专业【毕业设计+文献综述+开题报告】汽车倒车防撞报警系统硬件设计.docVIP

（20_ _届） 本科毕业设计 汽车倒车防撞报警系统硬件设计 摘 要 本次设计主要从实验研究分析的角度，分析了汽车倒车防撞报警系统的基本设计原理以及目前国内外此类倒车系统存在的问题。 由于超声波指向性强，能量消耗缓慢，在介质中传播的距离较远，因而超声波经常用于距离的测量。本文详细介绍了一种超声波测距系统及根据该系统设计的汽车倒车防撞报警。它能在汽车倒车时自动检测并显示车尾与最近障碍物之间的距离。当到达安全极限距离时, 它能发出声光报警, 提醒司机刹车。基于AT89C51单片机的超声波测距系统，采用测量输出脉冲宽度，即发射与接收超声波的时间间隔，通过对单片机适时控制外围电路，并向外围电路提供频率振荡、数据处理和译码显示等信号。超声波；测距；汽车倒车The Hardware Design of Anti-collision Alarm system for Auto Reversing Abstract This design mainly from the experiment study angle, has analyzed the auto reverse Anti-collision alarm system and basic design principle both at home and abroad, the problems existing in the system of such backing. Because the direction of the ultrasonic is very strong and the consumption of energy is very slow, the spreading distance is very far in the medium, the ultrasonic is often used in the measurement of the distance. The paper introduces minutely an ultrasonic distance measurement system and a kind of alarm designed and developed according to this system. When a car’s backing up, it can detect and display automatically the distance between the tail of the car and the nearest obstacle. If the distance is to be safe value limited, the device will give a sounding and light alarm to warn the driver braking. This article describes an ultrasonic measurement system based on AT89C51. By measuring pulse’s width, that is the time interval between transmitting and receiving of the ultrasonic wave, the microprocessor control the peripheral circuits, and provide all kinds of signals, including frequency surging, data managing and coding display. Keywords: ultrasonic，distance measurement，AT89C51，auto reversing 目录 摘 要 III Abstract IV 1 绪论 1 1.1课题的来源 1 1.2课题的意义 1 1.3汽车倒车防撞报警系统国内外发展现状 2 1.3.1 国外的研究现状 2 1.3.2 国内的研究现状 3 1.4课题研究的主要内容 3 2超声波测距原理 5 2.1超声波及超声波传感器介绍 5 2.2超声波传感器工作原理 5 2.3超声波测距的工作方式 6 2.4汽车倒车防撞报警系统超声波测距原理 7 2.5超声波测距系统总体方案 7 3汽车倒车防撞报警系统硬件介绍 8 3.1单片机AT89C51介绍 8 3.2芯片74LS244介绍 11 3.3 NPN三极管8550介绍 12 3.4集成电路CX20106A芯片介绍 13 3.5 4位共阳七段LED数码管介绍 13 3.6 TCT40-16T/R1压电陶瓷超声