附带搜查制度研究.pdf

附带搜查制度研究——以美国法为视角 摘 要 法治国家大都对搜查采严格的司法令状主义，因搜查对公民的人身 权、财产权以及隐私权存在着侵犯的危险和威胁。附带搜查作为令状原 则的传统例外，目的是平衡打击犯罪的需要与被逮捕人的权利，是现代 刑事诉讼搜查制度中的一项重要内容。鉴于美国在长期的司法实践中， 已形成了比较完善的附带搜查制度体系，本文首先将结合联邦最高法院 的判例和实践，分析附带搜查的理论基础及实施条件、搜查范围等。反 观我国从立法到实践附带搜查都属模糊地带的现状，在对比中美附带搜 查制度差异的基础上，最后试图从以下七个方面完善我国附带搜查制度： 必须以比例原则为基础，明确附带搜查主体和对象、条件和范围，单独 设立紧急情况下的无证搜查，禁止以行政检查替代刑事搜查，建立附带 搜查中的非法证据排除机制，设立非法进行附带搜查的救济制度。 关键词：附带搜查，令状原则，行政检查 THE RESEARCH OF SEARCH INCIDENT TO LAWFUL ARRESTS ——BASED ON REFENCES FROM AMERICAN LAW ABSTRACT The doctrine of judicial writ is adopted in most of the legal state, as a search itself may infringe and threaten personal rights, property rights and privacy of citizens. Search incident to lawful arrests, a traditional exception of judicial writ, is important in the modern system of criminal searches for the purpose of balancing the need to combat crime and the rights of arrested persons. Since the United States has formed a relatively complete system of search incident to lawful arrests in the long term of judicial practice, this paper firstly analyzed the theoretical basis, the implementation and scope of the search incident to lawful arrests based on the Federal Supreme Courts jurisprudence and practice. On the c ontrary, in our country, the search incident to lawful arrests is deemed as a margin area from the legislation to the practice. Based on the comparison between China and the United States, the last part proposed to improve the system of